Lesson Notes for Leadership Studies JSS3 (Basic 9) Second Term

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Second Term Basic 9 Lesson Notes for Leadership Studies JSS3

SECOND TERM: E – LEARNING NOTES JS 3 (BASIC 9) LEADERSHIP STUDIES SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

Love your enemy and pray for them
Rejoice not over the fall of your enemy
The real enemy of man
The hope of believers and the marriage of the lamb
The great tribulation and the mark of the beast.
The final judgment
Negative or Deviant Behaviors
Harmful Traditional practices
Conflicts.
Conflicts resolution
Revision
Examination

WEEK 1

TOPIC: LOVE YOUR ENEMY AND PRAY FOR THEM

CONTENT: 1. Love and Pray for your enemies- Jesus’ instruction

2. Examples of people that showed love to their enemies in the

Bible – King David, Joseph, Stephen and the Lord Jesus

Christ.

The lord Jesus instructed us to love our enemies, bless them, do good to them and pray for them ( Matthew 5 :44) some Christians regard this admonition as something not practicable . But it is amazing that people like Joseph, David etc practiced it even though they lived in the Old Testament when revenge was allowed.

Joseph, instead of allowing his brothers to be starved to death received his wicked brothers with love, fed them and invited them to live with him in Egypt (Gen.43: 31-34.)

King David was non confrontational. He did not fight his enemies back even when he had opportunity to revenge;

When David had a unique opportunity to kill King Saul, his enemy who tried all means to get rid of him, David did not (1sam. 26: 7 -12)
David did not allow Abishai to kill Shimei when Abishai sought for permission to murder him for abusing , stoning and insulting them ( 2 Sam. 16: 9-12)

In the New Testament Stephen and the lord Jesus Christ gave us a perfect example on how Christian should respond to their enemies

When Stephen was being stoned to death he said ‘‘Lord do not charge them with this sin’’(Acts 7:59-60)

When the ear of the high priest’s servant was cut in his defense, Jesus restored the ear. (Luke 22:49-51)

As Jesus was dying on the cross, he prayed for his enemies when he said “father forgive them for they know not what they do’’ (Luke 23 34)

If our perfect example is Jesus and our goal is to be Christ-like, we have to be Christ-like in our responses to our enemies by showing love and praying for them.

Evaluation:

How did David show kindness to King Saul and Shimei
State two new testament characters that refused to pay their enemies in their own coins
Give two reasons for the practicability of Jesus’ admonition that we should love our enemy.

Weekend assignment:

A surgeon lost his entire family to a reckless driving of a drunken governor’s son. The boy was not allowed to face the full wrath of the law. The same governor’s son became ill and the only available surgeon to attend to him was the surgeon whose entire family he carelessly killed. If you were the surgeon what would you do? (Your answer must not be more than 100 words)

WEEK 2.

TOPIC: REJOICE NOT OVER THE FALL OF YOUR ENEMY

CONTENT:

Most Christians struggle with this issue of rejoicing over the fall of an enemy. People consciously or unconsciously jubilate when their enemy falls. We do have explicit passages that speak into this matter of rejoicing over the fall of an enemy. Proverbs 24:17-18 says:“Do not rejoice when your enemy falls and do not let your heart be glad when he stumbles; or the Lord will see and be displeased and turn His anger away from him.”

Job, for instance, sees himself as righteous because he hasn’t rejoiced at the death of his enemies (Job 31:29). Or when we see the wicked doing it, we automatically know it isn’t right (Judges 16:25; 2Sa 16:5-6; Psalm 35:13-15; 42:10; Micah 7:8).

This whole idea of not rejoicing for the wicked is evidenced when God says (Ezekiel 18:23; 33:11)“As surely as I live,” declares the Lord God, “I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that they turn from their ways and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! Why will you die, oh house of Israel?”

God would rather allow the people repent. Peter echoes this idea when he looks back and sees that God’s forbearance is the only reason people haven’t been wiped out (2 Peter 3:9)

Class activity: How should Christians respond to their enemies and their calamity according to the following texts?

Proverbs 17:5…………………………………………………………………………………………….

Proverb 25: 21-22. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Prov. 25:21………………………………………………………………………………………..

Lev 19:17–18………………………………………………………………………………………

Matt 5:44……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Rom 12:14…………………………………………………………………………………………………

How did David respond to the news of the death of King Saul? (1 Sam 1:11, 12)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: How would you react to the jubilation that followed the death of former head of state of Nigeria General Saani Abacha on June 8, 1998 in Nigeria and that of Osama Bin Laden the former leader of the terrorist group Al-Qaida on May 1, 2011 in USA?

WEEK 3.

TOPIC: THE REAL ENEMY OF MAN

CONTENT: 1. The meaning of the word enemy?

2. The real enemy of man

An enemy is the one who do not wish you well; somebody who hates or seeks to harm somebody or something. The word enemy is synonymous with words like foe and adversary. Enmity is associated with evil, hatred and wickedness. Man often mistaken Flesh and blood (human being) for an enemy but the real enemy of man is the devil or Satan ‘for we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places’(Eph 6:12) ‘‘be sober be vigilant because your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion looking for whom to devour ’’ (1 peter 5:8)

Upon Satan God said ‘And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shall bruise his heel’ (Gen.3:15)

The devil entered the serpent to deceive Eve. Serpent on its own was a good creature of God.

If any man or woman does any evil against us we should look beyond the physical body but the spirit behind his actions

Evaluation:

Define the word ‘enemy’
State at least two levels of manifestation of enmity
Who is the real enemy of man?

Weekend Assignment:

Study the fall of man in Genesis 3: 1-7 and take your stand on the following statements

Man (Adam & Eve) was the enemy of himself , he caused his fall
Satan caused the fall of man.

(Your answer must not be less than thirty words)

WEEK 4.

TOPIC: THE HOPE OF BELIEVERS AND THE MARRIAGE OF THE LAMB

CONTENT:

Meaning of the word ‘hope’
The hope of the world
The hope of believers
The marriage of the lamb.

Hope is a feeling of expectation for something desirable. We live in the world of great despair. Many people live in the feeling of hopelessness. The reason for such despair may originate because of failing health, faltering marriage, examination failure, overwhelming defeat, or some devastating sorrow in their lives.

The feeling of hopelessness has spread all over the world because so many things have failed: the home, the school, the government and even the religious institutions. People yearn for a better tomorrow but there is no better tomorrow except in the second coming of Christ. The Apostle Paul calls it “the blessed hope” (Titus 2:13) While Apostle Peter describes it as a “living hope’’ (1Peter.1:3)

Christ is the hope of glory (Col. 1: 27) Therefore, the hope of Christians is the eternal life with Christ in heaven at his second coming.

The second coming of Christ is not the hope of the world. It is the hope of the believers. The hope of the world is the first coming of Christ when the people expected him to be political Messiah.

The marriage supper of the lamb

At the second coming of Christ, he would come as the bridegroom to marry his bride. After the judgment of Christians (the evaluation of Christians labour on earth where the righteous will be rewarded) we shall eat marriage supper of the lamb together with Christ. (Rev. 19:7-9)

Jesus is the bride groom, the church is the bride. At the rapture, Christ would return as the bridegroom to take His bride with Him. (2 corr. 11:2, Eph.5:25)

The marriage supper of the lamp will mark the beginning of living with Jesus forever.

Evaluation:

In your own word define ‘hope’
What is the hope of the believer?
Differentiate between Apostle Paul and Peter’s description of the hope of the believer
Give a summary of the second coming of Jesus Christ

Weekend Assignment

What must sinners do to participate in the marriage supper of the lamp?

Romans 10. 9-10…………………………………………………………………………
1Jhn 3:3……………………………………………………………………………………
Col.1:23……………………………………………………………………………………
Ps. 31:24………………………………………………………………………………….

WEEK 5.

TOPIC: THE GREAT TRIBULATION AND THE MARK OF THE BEAST

CONTENT:

Bible description of the ‘great tribulation’
The purpose of the great tribulation
The duration of the great tribulation
The mark of the beast.

THE BIBLE DESCRIBES THE GREAT TRIBULATION AS:

‘…the time of Jacob’s trouble’ (Jere.30:7)
‘…the day of the Lord’ (Joel 1:15)
….a day of wasteness and desolation(Zeph. 1:14,15)
…..’’great tribulation such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time no , nor ever shall be.’’ (Matt 24:21)
…… ‘a day of darkness and gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness’(JOEL 2:2)

Beasts and men will be in trouble even mighty men will weep, whole cities and nations will be under great distress, perplexity, famine, bloody wars, explosions, plagues, terror, anguish earth quakes etc will be the order of the day.

THE PURPOSE OF THE GREAT TRIBULATION

The purpose of the great tribulation is to make Israel suffer so that they can be ready to cry to the Messiah (The Lord Jesus Christ whom at present they reject) to come back to them

It is also to judge the unbelieving men and women of all ages (Zech. 12:10, 11; 13:1-9; 14:12, 13).

THE DURATION OF THE GREAT TRIBULATION

The Bible shows that the great tribulation will take off after the rapture of the church (1thess 4:13-18; Rev 4:1) and will last for seven years. It will end at the second advent of Christ when He alights on Mount Olives and settles on earth (Jerusalem) for a thousand years called the Millennial Reign. This means that it is post-rapture and pre-millennium.

The righteous and the great tribulation

God will take the righteous away from the earth before the great tribulation begins. They would have been caught up with Him at rapture. God will not like His children to suffer the great tribulation. He saved Noah and his family before destroying the world with flood (Gen.7:1-13). He rescued Lot before destroying Sodom with fire (Gen. 19:10-29).

The mark of the beast

During the time of the great tribulation people will be compelled to be loyal to the antichrist (the beast) and the sign of the loyalty is to receive “the mark of the beast” which may be received on the forehead or hand. The number is 666 (Rev 13:18) those who will fail to receive the mark will not be able to buy or sell. Those who endure the sufferings will have the chance of being with Christ during the millennial reign but to survive the great tribulation may be very difficult.

Evaluation

Give at least two biblical description of the ‘great tribulation’
Why won’t the righteous suffer the great tribulation?
‘The great tribulation is post-rapture and pre-millennium’. Discuss briefly

Weekend Assignment

State at least five things you must do to avoid the great tribulation

WEEK: 6

TOPIC: THE FINAL JUDGMENT (Rev. 20: 12)

Everyone who is in the world today is here on the purpose of the Almighty God and a day is coming when men and women will give account of all their deeds here on earth. No matter how long a man live on earth there is going to be a day of judgment when God will reward every man according to how his works shall be (Rev. 22: 12)

God is the final judge, and since nothing is hidden from God, no one will be able to hide away from Him.

Everyone who has ever lived and all who will be alive then; young, old, man, woman, rich or poor from every tribe, race and tongue will be present before Him to receive according to all they did while alive.

The judges in the World may take bribe to pervert judgment but on that day, no one can bribe God to be free. God is not a respecter of person, so in His judgment; He will not judge based on economic, political, educational or any other societal status rather his judgment will be based on your relationship with Christ and obedience to His word when you were on earth and whether you receive Him or reject Him.

In the world there is chance for a man to appeal to a higher court if the decision of a court does not favour him but not in the case of final judgment, there will be no room for appeal because God is the ultimate and supreme judge.He is the one that will judge the judges of this world.

The court of this world will allow a lawyer to represent you before the judge but on the final judgment day there will be no room for a lawyer because a lawyer to will stand before the judgment seat of God. It will be a fearful day so all who want to escape the wrath of God must repent of their sins, confess them and accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and saviour.

EVALUATION:

When is the last final judgment going to take place
Who is the last judgment
Will there be room for a lawyer on the final judgment day?
What must one do to escape the wrath of god on the last day?

Weekend assignment

What can you learn from the following passages

Psalm 62: 12 ……………………………………………….
Pro. 24: 12 ……………………………………………….
Jer. 17: 10 …………………………………………………
Romans 2: 6 ………………………………………………
Rev. 22: 12 ……………………………………………….
Rev. 20: 12 ……………………………………………….

WEEK: 7

DATE:………………………………….

TOPIC: NEGATIVE AND DEFIANT BEHAVIOUR

Negative and deviant behaviour are those things people do which is completely unacceptable to the society, It is an undesirable behaviour which negates what the greater number of people in the society approves. Such deviant or negative behaviours does not conform to rules and regulations. Negative behaviour is counterproductive to the aim and aspirations of the society, A society with high percentage of people engaging in deviant behavour are likely to be isolated while a person with defiant behavior is likely to be labeled as a ‘thief, ‘cheat, a liar etc

Negative behaviour brings bad name, poor image and disrepute into a Country.

Negative behaviour includes dishonesty, excessive love for money, corruption, stealing, truancy, lack of respect for elders, ostentatious living, disrespect for time (called African time), cultism, examination malpractices, religious intolerance, and tribalism, indecent dressing by ladies, sagging and turning fez cap to the back by boys, sex offence, mass demonstration or strike.

Effect of negative behaviour includes high rate of mental disorder, inefficiency, loss of societal value, increase in crime rate and lack of respect for human life etc.

The following could be done to promote positive behaviour

Educating people on the consequences of negative behaviours
Punishing those who engage in negative behaviour
The provision of incentives or reward for who behaved well

EVALUATION

What are the negative behaviour displayed by the people in the following passages?

Joshua 7: 11…………………………
Joshua 7: 21 …………………………
Hoshea 4: 2………………………………..
Isaiah 1: 23……………………………….
Luke 15: 11-13

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Identify 5 negative behaviour in you environment
Mention 2 people in the Bible who demonstrated deviant behaviour
What could be done to promote positive behaviour?

WEEK 8

DATE:…………………………………

TOPIC: HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES

Harmful traditional practices are the practices that are harmful to man which cause disease, fear, stigma and other psychological and physical distress. In other words, they are practices that could have negative effects to the health and social well being of the people. Many of these practices are passed down from generation to generation.

The following are types of harmful practices common in different cultures:

Female Genital Mutilation (Female circumcision), child marriage, Female spouse sharing, Son preference, Polygamy, Violence Against Women, Scarification, Tribal mark, Inequality of sex, Circumcision of young boys, Maltreatment of widows, superstition, slavery.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Female genital mutilation (FGM), or female circumcision, involves surgical removal of parts or all of the most sensitive female genital organs. FGM is performed on infants as young as a few days old, on children from 7-10 years old and on adolescents. It is being practiced to prevent the girl from being promiscuous.

However, this act exposes the girl to diseases or death if it is not properly done.

Child Marriage: This is a practice in which female children are given out in marriage at their teenage years. The principal reason is to collect high bride price on their children whom they strongly believe are virgins. It is common among African and Asian.

Female Spouse Sharing: This is system in which a woman is recognized as being married to a particular man within a lineage. However, other men within the lineage can come to have sex with her whenever the husband is away on hunting or tending the cattle. The cultural function of this practice is to ensure that when the husband is away for a long time the woman is satisfied sexually to maximize fertility performance.

Son Preference: Preference for malechild is a powerful tradition rooted in inheritance practice and patriarchy. Male child is figuratively described as the “seat” of a woman in the matrimonial home among the Yoruba. This means that until a woman bears a male child she is still a visitor to the matrimonial home because the husband can marry another woman.

Polygamy: Thisis a situation whereby a man marries more than one wife and it is widely practice in Africa. Due to value of children, especially male, competition may ensue among co-wives.

Violence Against Women: Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.

Scarification: This is permanent or semi-permanent deliberate altering of human body for non-medical reasons, such as: sexual enhancement, a rite of passage, aesthetic reasons, denoting affiliation, trust and loyalty, religious reasons, mystical affiliation and self expression.

Tribal Marks: Many tribes in Nigeria identify themselves by certain forms of tribal marks made on the face using sharp objects such as knives. It was meant to assist the various tribes to identify their kinsmen in period of war.

Inequality of Sex: Traditionally, women are seen as the inferior sex among many ethnic groups. They are made to work on farm lands and bear heavy burdens on their way home after a long day work.

Circumcision of Young Boys: Circumcision of boys between the age of six to ten years is practiced among some tribes. These boys are made to bear untold pain before the wounds heal-up.

Maltreatment of widows: A widow is a woman whose husband has died. In some cultures, the woman’s head is shaved clean immediately the husband dies. Sometimes, the woman is not allowed to have her bath until seven days after the husband burial. In some culture the water that is used in bathing the dead husband’s corpse is given to the widow to drink. These practices bring negative value to the society.

Superstition: This is the belief in luck, ill-luck, and magic, and witchcraft, reincarnation, appeasing of gods, sorcery and divination.

Slavery: This is a state of being subjected to all forms of hardship, suffering and violence without any right to resist or fight back in any form.

Consequences of Harmful Traditional Practices.

Death:-Some of the traditional practices come along with serious pains which may lead to death eventually. Improper handling of female circumcision also could cause serious infections leading to death.
Sexual Disorder:- Female genital mutilation (female circumcision) may cause serious sex disorder when the girl or the lady is married. Such problem may cause marital problem leading to divorce or childlessness.
Spread of HIV/AIDS:-If female genital mutilation is carried out with infected surgical knife, such person automatically becomes an HIV/AIDS patient.
Emotional Pains:- Women who are forced to undergo certain rituals like drinking water used in bathing the husband, sleeping with the dead in the same room, etc suffer more pains emotionally in addition to the pains of losing their husbands.
Retard Development:-Child marriage usually denies a girl the opportunity of developing physically, emotionally and psychological. T he girl will lack everything she needs to be a mother and be happily married.
Infringement on Women Right:- Most of the harmful practices affect women more than men. Therefore, the practices constitute infringement on their health and reproductive right.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Public Enlightenment: The government through its agencies should educate the populace on the consequences of these harmful practices. This should start from the rural areas where some of these practices are still prevalent.

Legislation: Necessary laws should be made by the National Assembly to out-rightly prohibit these practices. The society should also know about the existence of such laws so that they can desist from the acts.

Non-Government Organization: Various non-governmental organizations should support government enlightenment campaigns by organizing seminars and workshops for women, school children particularly girls on the effects of these practices on them.

School Curriculum: Children, particularly girls at primary schools should be taught through subjects such as Social Studies and Health Education on the negative effects of these practices on their health. This helps them in resisting any attempt to lure them into practices like female circumcision or child marriage.

The Media: Both print and electronic media should help in disabusing people’s mind against maltreatment of widows, child marriage and female genital mutilation.

Evaluation:

What do you understand by harmful traditional practices?
List five harmful traditional practices in your state.
State four consequences of these practices.
What can be done to eliminate these practices?

Week Assignment:

The removal of all or parts of female genital organs is called —– (a) child marriage (b) male genital mutilation (c) female genital mutilation (d) female genital mutilation.
The permanent or semi-permanent deliberate altering of the human body for non-medical reasons is called —– (a) widowhood (b) scarification (c) son preference (d) polygamy.
Legislation as one of harmful traditional practices can only be done by —– (a) children (b) widows (c) government (d) workers.
The consequences of harmful traditional practices are the following except —— (a) Sexual disorder (b) Emotional pains (c) Slavery (d) Retarded development.
The state of being subjected to hardship, suffering and violence without any right to resist is —— (a) Slavery (b) Child marriage (c) Widowhood (d) Violence against women.
The act of making laws to prohibit the harmful traditional practices is called ——- (a)Public enlightenment(b)Legislation (c) Non-governmental campaign (d)All of the above.

WEEK: 9

TOPIC: CONFLICTS

Conflict is the breakdown of a harmonious relationship,, arising from a clash of interest, ideas and principles of people

Conflict is universal and it is part and parcel of human existence and it is equally a daily occurrence. As long as people live together, work together, depend on the same resources for their livelihood and compete together, there will always be conflict.

Conflict most times result to unpleasant experiences, particularly when loss of lives result from such conflicts

Causes of conflicts:

In some cases, conflicts could arise from differences of opinion about how to handle specific problem at home, at school, in the community, in the state of even in a nation. Conflict could occur among members of a family over a piece of land or among a community over the site of a particular community project. It may equally occur among the members of a country over resources allocation or leadership problem. At other times conflict arises when people are not happy at the way they are being govern. Greed, selfishness, individual differences, lack of respect for the rule of law and clash of interest also leads to conflict.

Types of conflict include;

Non-violent conflict: We have non-violent conflict when issues are raised, discussed and resolved without resulting to violence
Violent conflict: A conflict is regarded as violent when opposing groups cannot settle their differences peacefully or amicably. They result to violence by destroying lives and properties.

Example of conflicts

Interpersonal Misunderstanding is the one that take between person to person, student to authorities, workers to management

Inter group or inter-ethnic: This takes place between two ethnic group, i.e. Hausa- Yoruba crisis in Lagos, Urhobo/Itsekiri/Ijaw conflicts in Delta state Intra ethnic conflicts: These are conflicts among some ethnic groups usually on land matters, superiority or inferiority claims e.g. Offa/ Erin-Ile in Kwara State, Ife/Modakeke in Osun state

Effects of conflicts include:

Lack of unity
Hatred and disaffection among members of a group or association
Conflicts retard progress and development
It makes it difficult for people to achieve common goals
Conflict lead to mayhem and riots and religious crisis.
Bring about disunity
Destruction of lives
Vandalization of both public and private properties,
It gives rise to a sense of insecurity among the citizenry
Retard physical and mental development in the society

Every believer must avoid doing anything that can lead to conflict; Abraham avoided what could lead to conflict between him and Lot his nephew. Gen. 13; 7-9

EVALUATION:

What can you learn from the following passages?

Psalm 133: 1…………………………………..
1 Cor. 6: 7………………………………………
Heb. 13: 1……………………………………….
Romans 12: 1…………………………………
Heb. 12: 14……………………………………..

Weekend assignment

Mention Two people I the Bible who avoided conflict with their neighbours
Mention 4 causes of conflict in a society
Mention Five effects of conflicts
Based on Romans 12: 1 what should you do to avoid conflict with others

WEEK: 10

TOPIC: CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Conflict resolution is the efforts made at stopping the conflict, change the attitude of the conflicting group to each other and reduce the effect of conflict on the affected people. Also conflict resolution refers to the deliberate efforts aimed at resolving disputes for peace. In resolving conflict it may be necessary to call the feuding group together to understand one another point of view.

In the olden days conflicts were settled by the elders, who call the warring factions together with the view to find the offender. In those days conflict resolution was easy because there was no regular group maintaining law and order. In our modern day conflict can be resolved through round table discussion and dialogue. Such dialogue may be organized by international bodies such as United Nations Organization, African Union and ECOWAS. Lastly conflict can be settled in the law court. Parties to a dispute can go t court of law where magistrates and judges listen to each party and rule in favour of one party against the other, when this is done the case is counted closed.

Nigeria has many courts which include: Customary courts, magistrate courts, High courts, Federal high courts, Appeal court and Supreme Court.

It is important to note that in other to amicable resolution all those who are to mediate in conflicts must;

Not be partial in judgment
Give fair hearing to all the feuding groups
they must not show sympathy for any group

While the conflicting group must also have the spirit of forgiveness in order to settle every conflict amicably. Everyone must be ready to sacrifice for peace to reign.

EVALUATION