Music Lesson Note JSS2 (Basic 8) Second Term
Music Lesson for Secondary School – Edudelight.com
SCHEME OF WORKS JS S 2 MUSIC
WEEK ONE – REVISION
WEEK TWO – Types of triad, qualities and description
WEEK THREE – Construction of tonic triad – C, G, D and A
WEEK FOUR – Musical intervals – major and perfect interval
WEEK FIVE – Major scale (B & F# major)
WEEK SIX – Life and works of Joseph Haydn and T K E Philips
WEEK SEVEN – Simple sight reading
WEEK EIGHT – three forms of minor scale
WEEK NINE – inversion of intervals
WEEK ONE
REVISION EXERCISE
- How many tones and semitones are there in a major scale?
- The numeric interval between F and B is ____________
- In music, ___________ determines how long or short a musical sound is
- ________ is one of the types of interval
- This musical note “ h “ has how many beats?
- The effect of sharp sign (#) on a note is to raise it a ________________ in pitch
- Give the alphabetical name of this note
- The western musical instrument are classify into __________ group
- _________ is a musical distance between two notes or pitches
- The symbol used to indicate the time value of music is known as__________
WEEK TWO
TYPE OF TRIAD QUALITIES AND DESCRIPTION
Types of Triad
There are two broad categories of triad:
Primary Triads: You will observe from the previous note and the examples given that eight triads are built on C major Scale, they are triads I-VIII. Three of these triads are known as primary triads or major triads namely Tonic (I), Subdominant (IV) and Dominant (V).
Tonic (I) subdominant (IV) Dominant (V)
Secondary Triads: Having taken three out of eight triads built on C major scale, the other four triads II, III, VI, and VII are called secondary triads. Remember that triads I and VIII arethe same.
Supertonic (II) median (III) submediant (VI) Leading note (VII)
Qualities of Triads
The triads have four qualities these include:
- Major – minor – diminished – augmented
Description of Triads
e Major triad consists of a —————–root, Major 3rd and Perfect 5th.
e Minor triad consists of a —————–root, minor 3rd and perfect 5th
e A diminished triad consists of a ——–root, minor 3rd and dim. 5th
e An augmented triad consists of ——–root, major 3rd and Aug. 5th
Exercise:
Construct triads on the following notes D, G, A and F.
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WEEK THREE
TONIC TRIADS OF C, G, D, AND A
A tonic Triad is a 3- note chord, consisting of doh, me, and soh of any scale. This is so because another name for doh is the tonic and this is the note on which we build the triad.
Here are some tonic triads shown on the stave:
a b c d e
| S | m | |||
| m | d | |||
| S | D | |||
| M |
d
Tonic triad of C major tonic triad of G major
a With key signature b with key signature
Tonic triad of D major tonic triad of A major
With key signature with key signature
c d
Notice that in (b) there is the tonic triad of G major without key signature, in (c) there is a tonic triad of D major. The tonic triads of G, D and A major are the only ones that need an accidental at this level. When writing a triad, if the tonic is on the line, the other two notes will also be on the line; if the tonic is in the space, then other two notes will be in the spaces.
Exercise:
Construct the tonic, subdominant and dominant triads of the following major keys
G,D and E major.
WEEK FOUR
Musical interval Major and Perfect
It is evident that musical interval is a distance between two notes or pitches. Also in our previous lessons we discuss the qualities of interval and how semitones determine the quality.
There are different types of intervals which are present in each of the major and minor scale learnt so far. All these intervals found in both the major and minor scale are referred to as diatonic. Two types of interval were discussed.
The major or diatonic interval of a tone, e.g. A – B is called a major 2nd, major interval also can be found in 3rd, 6th, and 7th.
Examples
Maj. 3rd Maj. 6th Maj. 2nd Maj. 2nd
Maj. 3rd Maj. 6th Maj. 7th Maj. 3rd
Perfect intervals can be found in 4th, 5th and 8th.
Per. 4th per 5th per. 5th per. 4th
Per. 4th per. 5th per. 8th per. 4th
Exercise:
Identify the following intervals
WEEK FIVE
CONSTRUCTION OF MAJOR SCALE (B AND F#)
It is no more news that major scale consists of eight notes with the arrangement of tones and semitones. Here we shall continue with the scales with sharp key signature, note that the arrangement of tones and semitones are: T, T, S, T, T, T, S.
B major scale
B C# D# E F# G# A# B
T T S T T T S
F# major scale
F # G# A# B C# D# E# F
T T S T T T S
WEEK SIX
LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSEPH HAYDN AND T K E PHILIPS
Franz Joseph Haydn – 1732-1809
He was born in the same year as George Washington in the town of Rohr au in eastern Austria. His father was wheel-wright. An uncle, with whom Haydn went to live at age of six, gave him his first musical lessons. At age eight he became a choir boy at the cathedral of St. Stephen in Vienna. When his voice changed, he was dismissed, he gave music lesson to children, struggled to teach himself composition and took odd jobs. When he was twenty-nine, his life changed for better, permanently; he entered the service of the Esterhazy, the richest and most powerful of the Hungarian noble families.
Year of handwork brought success as Haydn was invited to London, where he was awarded a doctorate degree of Oxford University. At London he wrote the last 12 of his 104 symphonies popularly known as SALOMON.
In 1797 he was impressed by the English national Anthem “God save the queen”, and he wrote the Austrian National Anthem which was used until 1918.
His music
Haydn was known as a father of symphony, few of his popular music are
- Surprise – Clock – Drum Roll – The world of the moon – Heavens are telling
- The Emperor Quartet – Armida
T.K.EKUNDAYO PHILIPS
He was born in 1884 and died in 1969. He was the second Nigerian to study music abroad, but the first to study in England. He was regarded as father of church music in Nigeria. His contribution is mainly in Yoruba church music, he was basically and upon his return from studied at Trinity College of Music, London, he was made organist of the cathedral church of Christ, Lagos, where he remained until seven years before his death.
He can be said to have inspired many other Nigerian musicians to use their Western training ideas to the benefit of Nigerian music.
His music
Some of the main compositions of T.K.E Philips include
- Samuel (a cantata) – The magnificent – Emi o Gbe Oju mi Soke wonni.
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WEEK SEVEN
SIMPLE SIGHT READING/SINGING
Sight- singing or reading is an ability to read and sing a given piece of music at first sight.
Sight -singing not only help you improve your sight – reading skills, but it will also make you work on your pitch accuracy and rhythmical skills. It is important to practice with varied melodies in different keys with rhythmic variations.
Sight -singing and ear training go hand in hand. In order to vocalize the notes you read at the correct pitch, it is necessary to make use of what is called Inner hearing. Mastering your inner hearing skills means that you are able to picture how notes sound without hearing them. Once your aural skills are trained enough with the help of proper ear training, sight-singing at the correct pitch will become much more natural.
How to sight –sing
- Familiarize yourself with a variety of rhythms (the musical notes and values)
- Memorize key signature at a glance.
- Know your scale forward and backward
- Knowledge of lines and spaces
Examples:
Study the melody below
a
d : m : s : m d : – : – m : s : d : s : d : – : –
b
| . | ||||
| . | ||||
s : d : s : d : m : s : – : – m : f : m : r : r : d : – : –
Exercises:
Write down the sol-fa names for each tune given below and then sing at sight. You may wish to clap the rhythm first.
| . | ||||
| . | ||||
Music Lesson for Secondary School – Edudelight.com
WEEK EIGHT
THREE FORMS OF MINOR SCALE
This scale also contains seven tones but the position of tones and semitones are different. In fact, there are three forms of minor scale – natural, melodic and harmonic minor. The natural minor scale can be found by using the notes l t d r m f s l or the white notes on the piano, from A – A. however, every minor scale has it tonic on the 6th degree of a major scale.
The melodic minor is the one generally used for melodies and songs while the harmonic minor is used for harmony and chords. It should be noted here that any minor or major scale may be referred to as a diatonic scale.
Examples:
Natural minor
A natural minor has it root from the C major scale.
C major scale A natural minor
C D E F G A B C – A B C D E F G A
d r m f s l t d l t d r m f s l
C major A harmonic minor
C D E F G A B C – A B C D E F G# A
d r m f s l t d l t d r m f se l
C major A melodic minor
C D E F G A B C – A B C D E F# G# A
d r m f s l t d l t d r m fe se l
WEEK NINE
INVERSION OF INTERVALS
An interval can be inverted, which basically means you turned them upside down. The lower note is raised up an octave so that the top note/bottom note is reversed. C – F is a 4th, with C as the lower note. If that is inverted, the notes change places and the bottom note becomes the top note, while the note that is formerly at the top becomes the bottom note.
Qualities Sizes
- Major becomes Minor 2 becomes 7
- Minor becomes major 3 becomes 6
- Perfect remains Perfect 4 becomes 5
- Augmented becomes Diminished 5 becomes 4
- Diminished becomes Augmented 3 becomes 6
Intervals and their inversions
Intervals when inverted
Unisons Octave
2nds 7ths
3rds 6ths
4ths 5ths
5ths 4ths
6ths 3rds
7ths 2nds
Exercises:
Intervals
Maj. 3rd Maj. 6th Maj. 2nd Maj. 2nd
Exercise:
Invert the following intervals
Per. 5th per. 4th Maj. 7th Maj. 3rd
E lesson note for MUSIC J.S 2