Lesson Notes on Social Studies JSS1 (Basic 7) Second Term

Lesson Note on Social Studies JSS1 (Basic 7) Second Term

SCHEME OF WORK SOCIAL STUDIES JS 1(BASIC 7)

WEEKS   TOPICS

1. Revision of last term’s work’
2. Accidents in the Home and in the School: (a) Needs for safety. (b) Safety measures in the home, school and workplace.
3. Traffic Rules and Regulations: (a) Meaning of road signs and traffic lights. (b) Accidents and causes of road accidents. (c) Consequences of disobeying traffic rules.
4. Socialization: (a) Meaning of socialization. (b) Significance of socialization.
5. Socialization: © Processes of socialization e.g. education, apprenticeship, initiation, etc.
6. Socialization: (d) Agents of socialization. E.g. family, school, religious organizations, the press, age grade, peer group, clubs and societies.
7. Culture – Meaning, Components and Features of culture: (a) Meaning of culture. (b) Components of culture. (b) Components of culture – Material and non-material culture.
8. Culture: © Feature of culture – Language, food and dressing, religion, technology/craft, etc.
9. Culture: (d) Characteristics of culture. (e) Cultural similarities in Nigeria. (f) Cultural differences in Nigeria.
10. Revision.
11. Examination
12. Examination

WEEK 1 

Revision of last term’s work.    

CONTENT: This first week should be used to revise all the works done in the

                   first term. This revision should be brief.

WEEK 2

TOPIC: ACCIDENTS IN THE HOME AND IN THE SCHOOL.

CONTENT:

1. Meaning and examples of accidents in the home and schools.
2. Need for safety.
3. Safety measures in the home,school and workplace.

SUB-TOPIC 1

MEANING OF ACCIDENT

Accident can be defined as an unexpected occurrence that is capable of causing physical harm or damage.

Example of accidents in the home are:-

1. Hot water burns.
2. Fire outbreak
3. Falling down from the staircase
4. Bites from insects or snake.
5. Knife cut.
6. Bruises caused by hitting or knocking the body against an object.

EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENTS IN THE SCHOOL:

• Falling down while playing football
• Having a sprained ankle while missing a step.
• Injuries from sharp objects e.g. razor or bottles.
• Burns and scalds from hot chemicals in the laboratory.
• Falling down the stair case.

EVALUATION:

• What is an accident?
• State three examples of accident in the school.

SUB-TOPIC: 2

The Need For Safety:

Safety in the environment involves taking every precaution to ensure that the environment is safe for us to live in.  Reasons for safety in the environment include the following:-

• A safe environment is a hazard-free environment.
• To sustain the environment so that present and future generations can be supported by the environment.
• To preserve natural beauty of our environment.
• To reduce health-related risks in order to prolong life.

The need for safety is very important as it would to a large extent reduce the accident rates at home, school and working place.

EVALUATION:

Reading Assignment:

Read social studies for Nigerian junior secondary schools by E. Remi Aiyede.

Chapter 6, Pages 49-50.and Solakat new syllabus on social studies for junior secondary schools.by A.Oluwasola oyewole-chapter 6.pages 36-38.

Sub topic. 3

Safety Measures in the Home.School and workplace.

SAFETY MEASURES AT HOME

1.The home and its surroundings should be kept clean always by sweeping the floor and clearing the bushes.

2.Dangerous household utensils such as knife and cutlass should be kept out of the reach of children.

3.Electrical faults should be handled by the experts.

4.Broken glasses,bottles and plastics should be carefully disposed by burying them.

5.The home should be well ventilated.

6.To prevent fire outbreak, the use of candle at home should be used with caution.

7.A generator should never be placed inside a house.

8.The drainage should be clean and unused water containers should be disposed off to avoid breeding of mosquitoes.

9.A well stocked first aid kit to deal with emergencies should be available.

SAFETY MEASURES AT SCHOOL

1.The school building must be well constructed with the right materials to prevent it from collapsing.

2. School laboratory should have apartments or cabinets where dangerous chemicals are kept and locked up. Students should be guided by a teacher during practical classes.

3. A well stocked first aid kit should be available in the school.

4.Students should be properly monitored during sporting activities by a sport specialists.

5.Physical fight between students should attract strict penalty and the students should be well informed about this.

SAFETY MEASURES AT WORK

The nature of safety measures at workplace depends on the produce of the company. The labour laws in Nigeria emphasize the need for safety measures at workplace.

1.Workers should be properly trained before handling any instrument that can cause bodily harm.

2.Naked light should be kept away from inflammable materials.

3.A factory or workplace should have a sfety manager.

4.Workers should be properly educated on safety measures peculiar to their work place.

5.Electrical works should be carefully done and handled by experts.

6. A worker should have a health care unit with a well stocked first aid kit and medical personnel

Weekend Assignment:

1. Accident occurs only at home and school True or False?
2. One of these cannot cause accident at home.  (a) sharp object.  (b) hot water (c) clean environment.(d)naked light
3. Bruises happen when ______________ (a) the body is knocked against an object.  (b) hot water burns the skin.  (c) sharp objects cut the body.(d)rain falls
4. One of these is a Safety measures at  school———(a)rain fall (b)singing in the school (c)a well stocked first aid kit should be available in the school.(b) none of  the  above.(c)all of the above.

Theory:

• List three causes of road accident.
• State two accidents at home.
• List 3 safety measures at school.

WEEK 3.

TOPIC: Traffic Rules and Regulation (a)meaning of road signs and traffic lights (b)consequences of disobeying traffic rules.

Sub-Topic:

 1.   Meaning  of   road   signs    and   traffic   lights.

2.    Consequences  of   disobeying  traffic   rules.

MEANING OF ROAD SIGNS AND TRAFFIC RULES

Road  signs  are   traffic  signs  that   are   constructed   to  control,   inform   and   regulate  the  conduct   of  road   users  on  the  road.

Approaching  a Narrow Bridge                 

                                                                                    Men at  work                                            Road bent

Traffic Light                                                                                                                School children crossing               

                                                                                              Stop

Highway

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

Traffic  lights  are  unique  light   at  road  junction  to  control  the flow  of  traffic.  It  has  colours   of   green,  red,  and   yellow.  

The  green   light  means   go,  the  yellow    means   get   ready   to  go   while   the  red   signifies  stop.      

CONSEQUENCES    OF   DISOBEYING  TRAFFIC  RULES.

1.ACCIDENT:-Road  accidents  occur  as  a  result   of  disobeying    traffic   rules  and  regulations.

2.DEFORMITY  ,  LOSS  OF  LIVES   AND  PROPERTY:-

When    we  do not  obey   traffic  rules,  it  may  lead  to  accident  which   may   either  kill,  injure  or  deform   the   victims   and  damage   their  pro perty.

3.TRAFFIC  JAM:-

This  usually  occurs  when   we  do  not  obey   traffic  rules .  Sometime  ,the  traffic  lights  are   neglected  by  vehicle   and   motorcycle  drivers  Nigeria.

4.MAN-HOUR  LOSS:-

Disobedience  to  traffic  rules  could  lead  to  delay,thereby  depriving  people  from  attending  to  their   daily   activities   and    appointments,  resulting   thereby   in loss   of  time, money  and  other    benefits  to  both   private   and   public  establishments.   

EVALUATION:

1.Explain road signs and traffic rules

2.Mention three consequences of disobeying traffic rules

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: Read Solakat new syllabus on social studies for junior secondary schools. By A. Oluwasola Oyewole. pages 39-41.

WEEK 4.

TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION:(a) Meaning of  socialization.(b)Significance of socialization

CONTENT:  1. Meaning of socialization.

2.Types of socialization

3.Significance of socialization

Sub-Topic 1 &2: Meaning and Types of Socialization

Socialization is the process by which individuals acquires the languages, belief, values and technical skills of his society. Socialization is a life-long process from which we are always learning. The process of learning the culture of a community is called socialization.

Types of Socialization:

There are two types of socialization, they are:

1. Primary socialization
2. Secondary socialization

Primary Socialization: This is when the child is born and helpless. Most of what he learns are through the efforts of older persons.

Secondary Socialization: This is the time a person is old enough to learn by himself. He learns new roles, new skills and new ways.

Sub-topic 3:The Significance of Socialization:

1. Socialization prepares the new member to fit into his community.
2. It makes the new member know, understand and participate in the culture of his community.
3. It enables desirable values to be passed from one generation to another.
4. It promotes peaceful co-existence and social inter-action among people.
5. It prepares and teaches the people their roles in the community.

Evaluation:

1. Define socialization.
2. Mention and explain two types of socialization.
3. What are the significances of socialization?

WEEK 5.

Topic :Socialization:(c) Processes of Socialization e.g. Education, Apprenticeship etc.

Individuals are socialized into their community through five main processes. They are:

1. Education (Direct Learning)
2. Apprenticeship
3. Incidental learning
4. Learning from models
5. Roles learning

Education: This is also known as direct learning. It is a conscious way of learning. It may be formal or informal education. It may take place in the four-walls of the classroom or outside the classroom.

Apprenticeship: This is non-formal education. Here, a person is trained under a master trainer in a practical ways. E.g. carpentry, hair dressing, blacksmithing, tailoring. Etc.

Incidental Learning: Here, a child learns unconsciously from his parents, age group or from his immediate environment.

Learning from Model: Children often copy the way their parents or older siblings behave some even try to behave as their favorite artist or an admired individual does either the way they dress or their mannerism.

Role Learning:  A person learns a new role in the community through information given to him. They learn some of these roles through indoctrination, induction and imitation.

Evaluation:

       1.   List five processes of socialization.

       2.   Explain three processes of socialization    

Reading Assignment:  Read chapter 3 of Social Studies for Junior Seccondary Schools by A. Oluwasola Oyewole Pages 42-43

Weekend Assignment:

Objectives Questions:

1. Socialization can be defined as _________
2. The process of learning the culture of a community
3. The process of working in the farm
4. The religious group
5. The process of attending social gatherings
6. The two types of socialization are ________ and __________
7. human and non-human
8. large and small
9. primary and secondary
10. tertiary and vocational
11. One of the significance of socialization is ____________
12. just to enjoy in the community
13. it promotes peaceful co-existence and social interaction among people
14. to attend parties and dances
15. none of the above.
16. These are process of socialization except.
17. education and apprenticeship
18. incidental learning
19. individualism
20. role modeling or role learning

Theory Questions:

1. List five processes of socialization.
2. Mention types of socialization and briefly define them.

WEEK 6.

TOPIC:  Socialization .e.g. family etc.

CONTENT:  i. Agents of socialization

                      ii. Effects of socialization

Sub-Topic 1: Agents of Socialization:

There are many agents of socialization through which the individuals are socialized into the community. They are:

1. The family and home
2. Peer group
3. The school or educational institutions
4. Religious organizations
5. Mass media
6. Age group
7. The community
8. Voluntary organizations

1. The Family: This is the child’s first experience of the world.it is the primary agent of socialization; since we all know that every child is born into a family. The socialized adult members of the family teach the child the language, basic values such as how to speak to elders etc.

2. Peer Group:  As a child grows up, he attends school and plays with his age group. These playmates or peer groups have their own rules and regulations which members must obey.eg A child learns how to behave in a group.

3. The School:  The process of socialization which began at home continues at school. At school, the child is given an all-round education in physical development(psychomotor),attitudinal development(affective)and intellectual development(cognitive).                                                         

4.  Religious Institution: Through religious institution, the members are taught desirable values such as love, faithfulness, honesty. etc.

5. The Mass Media: This include the radio, television, newspapers ,magazine, .etc. .All these increase the awareness of children and adults about what is happening around them and all over the world.

6. Age Group: In any traditional society, age group is the most important agency of socialization.

7. The Community: The community defines the acceptable ways by which members should behave. It praises and honors those who obey its rules and regulations while those who disobeyed are disgraced and punished.

8. Voluntary Organization: These include Red Cross, boy brigade, and rotary club. Etc. They impact certain skills and values on its members.

Evaluation:

1. Explain agents of socialization
2. List five agents of socialization.

Sub-Topic 2: Effects of Socialization

The quality of each agent of socialization such as family, peer group, the school etc, largely determines the effects of socialization on the people. It may be of negative or positive effects.

Positive Effects or Importance of Socialization:

1. It enables the individual to play their roles in the society.
2. It inculcates a sense of discipline on individual in the society.
3. It inculcates in individual a sense of moral responsibility.
4. It develops a communal spirit in individual
5. It enables individual to learn and appreciate his culture and other cultures.
6. It helps us to learn from one another.
7. It ensures the transmission of our culture from one generation to another.

Negative Effects or Disadvantages of Socialization:

Displaying of negative values by the mass media has made some individual become morally irresponsible.

1. Negative peer pressure has increased crime rate in the society.
2. Acculturation through over-dependent on western culture
3. Infiltration of negative influences such as pornography through the internet.
4. A morally backward community tends to produce immoral citizen.

Evaluation:

        1.   List five positive effects of socialization.

        2.   Mention at least three negative effects of socialization.

Reading Assignment:

Read chapter 3 of Social Studies for Junior Secondary School by A, Oluwasola Oyewole Pages 43-46

Weekend Assignment:

Objectives questions:

1. The ways a persons is socialized into the community are called_________

(a)Agents of socialization ( b). social environment ( c). family life.(d) religious activities

• The primary agent of socialization is called _________

(a)Mass media( b). family( c). school.(d)society

• Negative peer pressure has increased crime rate in the society. TRUE OR FALSE.
• __________ inculcates a sense of moral responsibility.

(a)Responsibility( b). socialization( c). none of the above.(d)relationship

• Examples of voluntary organizations are the folowingsexcept:

(a)Red cross( b). Boys brigade( c). Newspapers.(d) rotary club.

Theory questions:

1. Mention five importance of socialization
2. List 4 disadvantages of socialization
3. Name all the agents of socialization that you have been taught and explain 5 of them.

WEEK 7                                  

DATE ____________________

TOPIC: CULTURE

CONTENT:1. Meaning of culture

2. Components of culture-material and non-material culture

Sub-Topic 1: Meaning of culture

Culture is the total way of life of a group of people that distinguishes them from others. It includes people’s beliefs,  their works of art and craft, the language they speak, the tools they make, their ways of dressing, the technology they develop and the various institutions they set up to achieve societal goals.

Culture is not static, but dynamic. In other words, it does not remain the same forever but changes from time to time. It is a continuous process. It is transmitted from one generation to another. People learn their culture as they perform new roles as pupils or students in a school, a father at home or as a president of a country.

Sub-topic 2

Components of Culture:

There are two components or aspects of culture. They are:

1. Material Aspect of Culture: This consists mainly of those things that are made by a society in order to satisfy the needs of its people. Examples are houses for shelter and protection; the tools for agriculture; the weapons for hunting and protection; the cloth and clothes made to suit the conditions of the environment; and the work of art and craft.
2. Non-Material Aspect of Culture: This aspect of culture consists of those things we cannot see like religion, music, language, morals, values, folklores, literature, dancing styles, technology, etc.

Evaluation:

1. What is culture?
2. List two components of culture.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:Read Solakat new syllabus on social studies for junior secondary schools.page 47.by A.Oluwasola Oyewole

WEEK 8

DATE__________________

TOPIC: CULTURE

CONTENT:  Features of Culture

Features of Culture:

Some ways of looking at culture include:

1. Language: This is one of the most important ways of identifying a group of people. It is a means of transmitting our culture from one generation to another. There are over 250 indigenous languages in Nigeria. Proverbs are an important aspect of speech in Nigeria.
2. Religion: This is an important aspect of culture. Each cultural group has its own traditional way of relating with the supernatural before the advent of Christianity and Islam.
3. Mode of Dressing: The way a group of people dress is another feature of culture. For example, Hausa-Fulanis wrap their heads with a piece of cloth; wear ‘danshiki’ while their women often wear clothes that cover all parts of their bodies.
4. Legends: the belief and story of each ethnic group about the origin of man and the world is another feature of culture.
5. Folklores: These are stories about man and animals such as tortoise and elephant. It serves as a means of entertainment and a form of moral education.
6. Arts and crafts: Each cultural group has its unique art and craft in form of carvings, metal works, painting, sculptures, wood work, etc. arts and Crafts are products of our physical environment.
7. Games and Entertainment: Each cultural group has its own game such as ‘Ayo and Okoto’ in Yorubaland. Entertainment is in form of singing. The Yorubas play musical instrument such as ‘gangan’, ‘bata’ and ‘dundun’ while ‘shantu’ and ‘samban’ sets of drums are popular among the Hausa-Fulanis.
8. Food and Drinks: In the Nigeria traditional societies, only solid food is recognized as real food while liquid is regarded as mere refreshment. Palm wine is popular among the Yorubas and the Igbos. ‘Burukutu’ and ‘sekete’ are popular in Hausaland. Pounded yam and yam flour are common solid food in Yorubaland while ‘Tuwo’ and ‘Danwake’ are popular among Hausa-Fulanis.
9. Skills and Tools (Technology): Before the arrival of the Europeans in Nigeria, there were small industries made up of small workshops. Making of ivory and brass wares were the preoccupation of the Binis. The Ijaws and the Itsekiris were noted for salt-making while the Akoko-Edos and the Iseyins produced clothes, etc.

Evaluation:

1. List five features of culture.
2. Explain the listed features of culture.

Reading Assignment:  Read Solakat Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools, Basic 7 by oyewole, A. O. Theme 4, Chapter 8, Unit 8.4, page 48-50

Weekend Assignment:

Objective questions:

1.  There are over _________ indigenous languages in Nigeria                (a)   100      ( b).   250    (c) 500 (d)200
2. ‘Tuwo’ and ‘Danwake’ are popular among __________(a)   Hausa-Fulanis( b).   Yorubas                (c).   Igbos (d)Edo
3. The ________ play musical instrument such as ‘gangan’, ‘bata’ and ‘dundun’    ( a).   Igbos (b).   Hausas         (c).   Yorubas .(d)Benin
4. Stories about man and animals such as tortoise and elephant are called  (a).   folklores      (b).   fictions         (c).   factions (d) culture
5. The following are features of culture except          (a).   rigidity (b).   language              ( c).   religion  (d) administration

Theory questions:

1. State five features of culture.
2. Write short notes on any two of the stated features.

WEEK 9

TOPIC: Culture:(a)characteristics of culture(b)cultural similarities in Nigeria (c)cultural differences in Nigeria

Contents 1. Characteristics of Culture

2.Cultural similarities in Nigeria

3.Cultural differences in Nigeria

Sub-topic 1.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

The following are some of the characteristics of culture:

1. Culture defines a group of people. It defers from place to place.
2. Culture is dynamic, flexible and changes with time as technology changes and as people come in contact with other cultures.
3. It is a collective experience of a community or a group of people. It is not restricted to a person.
4. It is a continuous process that is passed from one generation to another. There can be no people without culture. It is an enduring characteristic of human society.
5. An individual learns the culture of his society through the agents of socialization such as family, the school, peer group, the community, mass media, etc.
6. No culture is bad or inferior. Each group has its own definite culture as a result of its environment. This is called cultural relativity.
7. Culture is neither inborn nor a biological feature. It is created by a community in order to ensure harmonious and progressive living of its members.

Evaluation:

Mention five characteristics of culture

Reading Assignment:  Read Solakat Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools by Oyewole, A. O. Theme 4, chapter 8, Units 8.1-8.3, pages 47 & 48.

Weekend Assignment:

Objective questions:

1. The total way of life of a group of people is ____________   (a)environment   ( b).   culture        (c).   socialization  (d).environment
2. Culture of any group of people is _____       (a). dynamic (b).   static   (c).   dead  ( d).natural
3. There are three aspects of culture     ( a).   True   ( b).   False    
4. The following is an example of material culture(a) morals       (b).  music     (c).  hoes  ( d).energy
5. Culture defines a group of ________   (a).  animals          (b).  people     (c).  religion ( d).christian

Theory questions:

1. What is culture?
2. Give 4 examples each of material and non-material aspects of culture.

Sub-topic 2.

Cultural Similarities Among Nigerians:

There are similarities in the cultural practices of the Nigeria people. The following are some of the similar cultural practices of the people of Nigeria.

1. Political System: Each community in Nigeria has a traditional political system under a paramount chief with different titles. These include the obas, obis, ezes, emirs, and the obongs.
2. Family System: Extended family is a common feature of all cultures in Nigeria.
3. Respect for elders: According respect to elders is a feature of all communities and cultures in Nigeria. Irrespective of one’s social status, elders are respected in Nigeria and their words of advice are considered important.
4.  Marriage System: The system of marriage is similar in most of the communities in Nigeria. Virgin brides are highly honoured in Nigeria and her parents  are praised and presented with gifts.
5. Religion: Religion is the specific system of belief or worship; and it is a way of life based on how people relate with their God. There are three main types of religion in Nigeria; these are Christianity, Islam and Traditional religions. Nigerian people are religious; nearly every Nigerian belongs to one religious group or another. Before the advent of Christianity and Islam, each community believed in the existence of the Supreme being and had a traditional way of relating with Him.
6. Taboos: All ethnic groups in Nigeria have one form of taboo or another against something. A taboo against something means a belief or custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing, especially in public.
7. Occupation: Farming and trading are common to all cultures. These form the basic occupation of the people before the arrival of colonial masters.
8. Cultural Relationship: All groups accept people at home, in the street, in the town as ‘brother’ or ‘sister’ or ‘father’, even if there is no blood relationship. Outside the state or country, whoever is from your state or country is regarded as ‘brother’ or ‘sister’ whenever you meet and discuss with other nationalities.
9. Naming Ceremony: All cultural groups, all religious practices allow new born babies to be named after a particular number of days of   delivery as stipulated by the group. For examples, yorubas do naming ceremony after eight days of delivery.
10. Arts and Crafts: All cultural groups in Nigeria have their distinct work of art and craft in form of carvings, sculpture, weaving, etc. for examples, the people of Kano were known for their leather work, the people of Benin city were known for their brass-casting, the people of Abeokuta were known for their tie and dye called adire, etc.
11. Mode of Eating: Eating habit such as the use of one’s fingers to eat is common to all traditional communities in Nigeria.
12. Emphasis on Dignity of Labour: Nigerians place high value on dignity of labour, good neighbourliness and patriotism. No job is bad within the Nigerian culture. stealing is abhorred and disrespected.

Evaluation:

1. State five cultural similarities in Nigeria.
2. Explain the stated cultural similarities.

Reading Assignment: Read Solakat Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools, Basic 7 by oyewole, A. O. Theme 4, Chapter 8, Unit 8.5, pages 50-52.

 Assignment:

Objective questions:

1. A belief or custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing, especially in public is a ______ (a).  lie            (b).   taboo           ( c).   fiction (d) storis
2. In the olden days Nigerians used _________ to eat food( a).   fingers          (b).   spoons        (c).   forks (d) knife.
3. Adire making is popular among the ____   ( a).   Hausas   ( b).   Igbos    (c).   Yorubas (d) benin.
4. Extended family is a common feature of all cultures in ________       (a).   Nigeria   ( b).   Australia        ( c).   Germany (d) Togo
5.  The following cultural practices are common to all Nigerians except ________  ( a).   extended family system           (b).   mode of greetings   (c).   religion (d) none of the above.

Theory questions:

Write brief notes on any two of the following cultural similarities in Nigeria:

1. Religion
2. Respect for elders
3. Arts and Craft
4. Mariage system

Sub-topic 3: 1. Cultural Differences in Nigeria.

               2.   Identity.

Sub-Topic 1:  Cultural Differences in Nigeria

1. Language:   This is of the most remarkable difference which distinguishes one culture from the other in Nigeria. We have over 250 indigenous languages in the country.
2. Religion:   Apart from the two major religions : Christianity and Islam, there are various traditional religious beliefs in Nigeria.
3. Arts and Crafts: also differs. For instance, while those in the south engage in wood carving, the northerners engage in leather works.
4. Food:   Those in the southern part of Nigeria eat food made mostly from tubers like fufu while the northerners eat food made from grains e.g tuwo.
5. Dressing:   The Igbo man wears caftan and ties a wrapper while the woman ties wrapper with a blouse. The Hausa man on the other hand wears a babariga while the woman wear clothes that often cover the whole body.
6.  Greetings:   The various ethnic groups in Nigeria have their various patterns of greeting. The Yoruba man prostrates before the elders while the female ones kneel down. The Hausa male squats while the female kneel down.

Evaluation:

    Mention five cultural differences among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria.

 2:  Identity

Identity is used to refer to those who share the same culture and regard themselves as one people. Culture is a means of identifying people.

Evaluation:     What is identity?

Levels of Identity:

1. Family:   Everyone shares his family’s identity through his surname. He identifies with his parents and siblings. The family teaches him the culture of the society in its own way.
2. Age group:   A person identifies with his age-group. He tries to defend the interest of such group. Each age-group has its own norms and practices which members must obey. It may also have some means of communication which non-members may not understand. Age-group is very important in Igbo land and a man who fails to identify with his age-group may not be recognized.
3. Town/Village:   A person identifies with his place of birth. He contributes to its progress both in cash and in kind. He belongs to one or more associations in his village or town.
4. Cultural or Ethnic group:   Another level of identity is the cultural or ethnic group. Each Nigerian identifies himself as a Yoruba, Igbo, Kanuri or Bachama. Language, dressing and eating habits reveals the cultural background of a person.
5. Local Government:   This is the smallest political unit in Nigeria. Every Nigerian belongs to a local government, the development of which he contributes to and from which he enjoys some services and social amenities.
6. State of Origin:   A person identifies himself with his state of origin be it Cross River or Taraba State. He may like his state to win in an inter-state sport competition.
7. National Identity:   All the 36 states form one country which is called the Federal Republic of Nigeria. We are one people under one Federal Government, enjoying the same services and obeying the same law. The Nigeria passport, the National Anthem, the National Pledge and the Nation Flag are all symbols of identity for Nigeria citizens both at home and abroad.

Evaluation:

   Mention five levels of identity

Reading Assignment:

1. Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools Book 1 ByAbdullahi Ahmed and others. Pages 73 – 74.
2. Solakat New Syllabus on Social Studies for Junior Secondary Schools Basic Seven. By A. Oluwasola Oyewole Pages 50 – 52.

 Assignment:

Objective questions:

1. All the following are Nigeria National  Symbols EXCEPT
2. Currency    B.   National Anthem    C.   Language    D.   The Coat of Arm
3. What is used to refer to those who share the same culture and regard themselves as one people is known as ……………….
4. Culture.    B.   Identity.    C.   Symbol.    D.   Language.
5. The most remarkable difference which distinguishes one culture from the other in Nigeria is …………….
6.  Language.    B.   Religion.    C.   Dressing.    D.   Greeting.
7. We have over ………. Indigenous languages in the country.
8. 150     B.   250     C.   350     D.   450
9. The most common food in the North is food made from ………….
10. Tuber     B.    Fufu         C.    Tuwo.        D.   Grains.

TOPIC: UNIQUENESS OF NIGERIAN CULTURE

CONTENT:  Meaning of Uniqueness

To be unique is to be special. Every aspect of Nigerian culture is unique in its operational mode.

Aspect of Uniqueness of Nigerian Culture:

1. History and ethnic relations
2. Unity in diversity
3. Marriage
4. Kinship Groups
5. Etiquette
6. Presentation of Kola-nut
7. Death and the after life
8. Dressing

1. History and Ethnic Relations

Every ethnic group in Nigerian has its own stories of where its ancestors came from. These vary from takes of people descending from the sky to stories of migration from far-off places. Archaeologist have found evidence of Neolithic humans who invited what is now Nigeria as far as far back as 12000 BC. This history makes the culture unique unlike other countries that belief that man came from Ape or Monkey.

• Unity in Diversity

Nigerian is one nation but has so many nations in the nation. It is a country with many ethnic groups with different languages and their dialects. Each tribe in Nigeria no matter how small it may be has a particular language and dialect that it is known with.

• Marriage

There are three types of marriages in Nigeria today. They are:

1. RELIGIOUS MARRIAGE
2. CIVIL MARRIAGE and
3. TRADITIONAL MARRIAGES

              A Nigerian couple may decide to take part in one or all of these marriages. Religious marriages usually Christian or Muslim are conducted according to the norms of the respective religious teachings and take place in a church or mosque. Traditional marriages usually are held at the wife’s house and are performed according to the customs of the ethnic group involve. Many Nigerian ethnic groups follow the practice of offering a bride price for an intended wife; this makes marriage in Nigeria unique.

 A bride price can take the form of money, cattle, or other valuable goods paid to the woman’s family.

• Kinship Groups

While men dominate Igbo Society, women play an important role in kinship. All Igbo’s, men and women have close ties to their mothers’ clan, which usually lives in a different village. When an Igbo dies, the body is usually sent back to his mother’s village to be buried with his mother’s kin. If an Igbo is disgraced or cast out of his community, his mother’s kin will often take him in.

For the Hausa, however, there is not much of a sense of a wide ranging kinship. Hausa society is based on the nuclear family. There is a sense of larger extended family, including married siblings and their families, but there is little kinship beyond that. However the idea of blood being thicker than water is very strong in Hausa society. For this reason, many Hausa will try to stretch familial relationship to the broader idea of clan or tribe to the diffuse tension between or among neighbours.

• Etiquette

Age is greatly respected in Nigeria. In an area where the average life expectancy is not very high, those who live into their senior years are seen as having earned special rights of respect and admiration. This is true of both men and women.

Socially, greetings are of the utmost importance. When one come in contact with an individual or visit a friend, it is considered rude not to engage in a proper greeting before getting down to business. Shaking hands, eating, or passing things with the left hand are unacceptable. The left hand is unaccepted. The left hand is reserved for personal toiletries and is considered dirty.

• Presentation of Kola Nut

Presentation of kola nut is a unique aspect of Nigerian culture especially in Igbo land. The presentation of kola nut shows the acceptance of the visitor. Kola-nut has been described as a nut of unity because the Yoruba produce it, Hausa buy and sell and eat while the Igbo deeply respect it.

• Death and After-life

Christians and Muslim Nigerians believe that there is judgment after death before going to heaven or hell. Many traditional religions, especially those of the eastern tribes believe in re-incarnation. In these tribes, people believe that the dead will come back as a member of his or her mother’s or sister’s family.

• Dressing

Nigerian culture is unique in dressing pattern. Each tribe in Nigerian has a particular type of dressing they are known for. Each tribe in Nigeria is being recognized or identified by their native wear. Nigerian culture despite the type of dressing for different tribes sees it as a taboo for not covering delicate part of human body after dressing unlike other country culture where improper dressing is not seen as a crime.

Evaluation:

1. Define the word ‘unique’.
2. List five areas of uniqueness in Nigerian culture.

Weekend Assignment:

Objective question:

Select the correct answer to each question.

1. To be unique is ————–
2. Good  b. Slow  c. Special   d. Outdated
3. Nigerian has only three dialects.

True or false.

• We have _______ types of marriage in Nigeria
• Five   b. Three   c. Four   d. Six

4.Age is being ignored in Nigeria

True or False.

Theory questions:

1. Mention five aspect of uniqueness in Nigerian culture.
2. Explain three of those aspects.

WEEK 10

General Revision.

WEEK 11 &12:EXAMINATION