Lesson Notes on Social Studies JSS3 (Basic 9) Third Term

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SCHEME OF WORK

WEEKS                     TOPICS

1. Revision of the last term’s work.
2.  World transportation system: types of transportation ( road, water and air transport). Differentiate between the transportation systems.

• World transportation system: advantages of each transport system and impact of  science and technology on world transport systems.

• Employment
• International Economic Co-operation
• FESTAC
• Meaning and message
• Revision

• JSCE Examination

WEEK 1                    

                     REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK

                          WEEK TWO

TOPIC: WORLD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM           

REFERENCES:

Social studies for junior secondary schools volumes 3 by Arukpo, Mohammed, Ezegbe, Salan.

CONTENT:

1. Methods of transportation

2. Types of modern transportation

SUB TOPIC 1: METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION

Definition of transportation

Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another either by land, air or by water.

Methods of transportation

There are basically two methods of transportation namely;

1. traditional method
2. modern method

Traditional method

The traditional method takes forms such as

• Human-powered transportation – this involves carrying goods either on the head, shoulder or back from one place to another. It is usually cost- saving and also a means of exercising the body physically, especially in under developed communities.
• Beast of burden/ animal- powered transportation – this is the use of working animals to carry goods and people from one place to another.

Types of modern method of transportation

The modern methods of transportation are our key focus in this lesson. These modern methods include:

1. Land transport

ii)   water transport

iii)  air transport

A MODERN TRAIN- RAIL TRANSPORTATION

A BOAT: WATER TRANSPORTATION.

PIPELINE:PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION.

Evaluation:

1. Define transportation.
2. What are the two traditional  methods of transportation?
3. Explain the human-powered form of traditional transportation.
4. Mention the three main methods of modern transportation.

SUB-TOPIC 2 – MODERN TRANSPORTATION (CONT’D)

Land Transport

Transportation by land involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another on land.

It can come in the form of Road or Rail transport. For road transport, automobiles such as buses, car, trunks, motor cycles, and lorriesetc convey people and goods on the trunk A, B, C of the Nigerian roads. The trunk A roads are maintained by the federal government, trunk B roads by the state government and trunk C roads by the local government.

Rail transport employs the use of trains which are usually powered by locomotive engines using steam, diesel or electricity. A train can also be powered by cables, horses, gas turbines and gravity pneumatics. Rail transport is the lowest and cheaper means of land transport.

Going by history, the first railway line in the world was opened in England in 1825 and is located between Darlington and Stockton. Many countries have since then developed their rail system and Russia owns the world’s longest single railway line between Vladivostok and Moscow.

In Nigeria however, there were two major railway lines before now. These are

1. The western railway line from Lagos to Kano and Guru in Yobe state.
2. The eastern railway line from Port Harcourt to Maiduguri.

WATER TRANSPORTATION

Water transportation is the process of moving people & goods  from one place to another using water craft, such as boat ,ship,ferries, etc causes or a body of water .water transport encourages intra- national and international trade. The body organization that manages our water transport in Nigeria is the Nigeria Port Authority (NPA).

TYPES OF WATER TRANSPORT

There are two basic type of water transport system namely.

1. The ocean navigation nor is by ship on ocean or sea.
2. The inland water ways.

Movement of goods and people is through creeks, canals, lagoons and lake within a nation’s

Boarder using canoes and boats. They are not deep enough for ships to travel on.

 The Nigeria water has remained underdeveloped and under-utilized.

TYPE OF SHIPS

1. Cargo ships – they carry bulky goods
2. Tanker ship for carrying only crude oil.
3. Passenger ship for carrying humans
4. General ship for carrying different types of goods apart from liquids and frozen foods.
5. Refrigerator ships for carrying only frozen foods such as fish, fruits, meat and vegetables.
6. Multi- purpose ships for all kinds of goods.

Water transport is advantageous in the sense that it is not as expensive as air transport and bulky goods are conveniently transported.

AIR TRANSPORT

This is a system of transport that allows goods and passengers to be moved through the use of aircraft such as aeroplanes, jets, helicopters. Aircraft is the second fastest means of transport after the rocket.Aeroplane was invented and flown in 1903 by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur of The United State of America but the world’s First airline was started in 1914 by Tonny James.

It can be said that air transportation is very fast, comfortable but expensive.The places specially built for airplanes to land or take off are called airports or aerodromes. In Nigeria, we have both local and international airport and many organizations are responsible for the management of our air transport operation. These organizations are: Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA), NCAA (Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority), Nigerian Metrological Services.

It should be borne in mind however that apart from the air transport methods discussed above, we also have pipeline transportation which involves the conveyance of liquids, oil and gases through pipelines which are laid or constructed underground.

Weekend assignment:

Objective Test:

1. _________ and _________ are the two main methods of transportation.
2. Land and road (b) traditional and modern (c) gas and turbines (d) locomotive and aerodromes.
3. The three types of transportation are ________, ________ and ________
4. Land, water and air transport (b) road, canal and jungle transport (c) road, land and rail transport (d) air, sky and water transport.
5. The transport system that involves the movement of goods and people through creeks, lagoons, canals and lakes within a nation’s boarder using canoes, boat etc is called _________
6. Human- powered transport
7. Animal- powered transport
8. Water transport
9. The inland water ways.
10. Cargo ships convey
11. Goats (b) rams (c) bulky goods (d) human
12. The fastest of the three types of transportation is
13. Road transport (b) water transport (c) air transport (d) marine transport
14. Aeroplane was invented by ________ in ________
15. Boyles and Charles in 1903 (b) Le’ Chartelia in 1807 (c) the Wright brothers in 1903 (d) Obasanjo and Goodluck in 1997.
16. Pipeline transportation conveys __________
17. Cargo (b) human (c) gases, oil and other liquids  (d) books and stationeries.
18. The trunk A roads in Nigeria are managed by ____________   (a) the states (b) the local government (c) private organizations (d) the federal government.
19. Land transportations include _________ and _________  (a) main roads and bushes  (b) road and rail transport  (c) bicycles and tricycles  (d) ocean and inland ways.
20. ___________ is the movement of goods and people from one location to another.

Essay Test:          

1. Mention 5 (five) seaports in Nigeria
2. List 5 (five) airlines operating in Nigeria
3. When was the first air route (Lagos – Kano) in Nigeria established?

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                     WEEK THREE

TOPIC: WORLD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(cont’d)

CONTENT:

 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of the transport systems

 2.Impact of science and technology on world’s transport system

Sub-Topic 1:Advantages of TransportationSystems

ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORT

1. It is the most universal means of transport
2. It compliments other means of transport
3. It employs a large number of people
4. It is the only means of transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
5. It facilitates the movement of people within short distances
6. It connects places very well
7. Unlike air transport, road transport allows children to travel to school using a door to door service
8. Roads can be built to remote locations as well as to busy urban areas unlike rail and air routes
9. Road transport offers high flexibility in terms of transport jobs and changed plans.

ADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT

1. Trains conveys more passengers than most vehicles
2. It is safe
3. It offers the cheapest and most convenient way of transporting bulky goods
4. It reduces road traffic congestion
5. It operates on schedule
6. Canteen services are provided

ADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT

1. The inland water ways promote easy transportation among communities in the riverine.
2. It also helps to convey bulky goods
3. It is not as expensive as air transport travel
4. It supports international trade
5. Accident is relatively low.

ADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT

1. It offers the fastest means of transport
2. Usually very reliable since travels are on schedule
3. It provides a very good means of long distance travel
4. It is a major contributor to global economic prosperity.
5. It is the most comfortable and luxurious means of transport

EVALUATION

1. Mention 5 (five) advantages of road transportation over  the other means of transportation
2. List three major advantages of road transport
3. Water transport is very important. State three importance of water transport
4. One mode of transportation which offers the fastest means of conveyance over a long distance is ………..….

Sub-Topic 2:Impact of Science and Technology on World’s

                                  Transportation System

1. The modern means of transportation such as water craft, air crafts, vehicles etc are manufactured and maintained through science and technology
2. The construction of good and motorable roads, railways, airways and bridges are the brain work of scientist and technologist.
3. Science and technology has improved air transport through fabrication of faster and bigger aircraft like airbus A380, Double- decker Behemoth etc.

Evaluation:

1. Mention two impacts of science and technology on world’s

transportation system.

READING ASSIGNMENT: Read up your note from the beginning of the term to the end.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective Test:

1.    The following are advantages of road transportation except

a) It is the most universal means of transportation (b) It compliments other means of transport

             (c)It is the fastest means of transportation (d) It is the only means of

                  Transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps

2.   One of these is an advantage of air transport

1. It is the only means of transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
2. It facilitates the movement of people within short distances
3. It promote easy transportation among communities in the riverine
4. It provides a very good means of long distance travel.

3. The means of transportation that offers the cheapest and most convenient way of transporting bulky goods is _________   (a) rail  (b)air  (c) water  (d) wind

4. The most universal means of transportation is ________________

      a) Road transport (b) air transport (c) water transport (d) rail transport

5. One of these is not an impact of science and technology on world’s transport

1. The modern means of transportation such as water craft, air crafts, vehicles etc are manufactured and maintained through science and technology.
2. Science and technology has created natural resources like petroleum used to fuel vehicles.
3. The construction of good and motorable roads, railways, airways and bridges are the brain work of scientist and technologist.
4. Science and technology has improved air transport through fabrication of faster and bigger aircrafts.

Social studies Elesson for junior secondary school – Edudelight.com

                      WEEK FOUR

TOPIC: EMPLOYMENT

REFERENCES:

Social studies for junior secondary schools volumes 3 by Arukpo, Mohammed, Ezegbe, Salan.

              CONTENT

MEANING OF EMPLOYMENT

Employment means having a job or work to do to earn a living. A person may dohis or her own work or may work for other people, or even the government. If youare doing your own work, you are said to be self-employed. If you are workingfor government or other people, you are called an employee of those peopleor the government, and the people or government that employed you, are youremployers.

JOBS OPEN TO PEOPLE IN THE LOCALITY

A job is work, for which payment is made when it is completed. Jobs that are open to people in our community include the following:

1. Trading  
2.  Carpentry or interior decoration
3. Tailoring/fashion designing
4.  Farming
5.  Shoemaking
6.  Teaching
7.  Nursing
8. Banking
9. Printing
10.  Engineering
11. Catering and hotel management
12.  Publishing
13.  Medicine

 Some people are self-employed while others are employed by other individuals and organisations.

People who is self-employed work for themselves, and whatever they produce becomes their own. They can use the products or sell them to those who need them.

A person who is employed by another person or an organisation works, and is paid a salary by his/her employer at the end of the month.

Why people should be employed

People should be employed for the following reasons:

1 So that they can earn a living.

2 To keep them busy and out of trouble.

3 So that they will contribute to the development of society.

4 So that they will be responsible members of society.

5 When people work and earn an income, they are happy.

The meaning of unemployment

Unemployment means not having a job to do. People who do not have a means of livelihood (i.e., of making money) or that are not engaged in a job are said to be unemployed. Some people have just left one job and they are yet to get another job. For example, a bricklayer may have just completed building one house, and may have to wait to be hired to build another. A person may have been sacked or removed from one job and is yet to get another one.

During this period of waiting, he or she is unemployed. A school leaver who is still searching for work is also unemployed.

Consequences (bad results) of unemployment in our society

The following are some of the consequences of unemployment in our society:

1. When people are unemployed, they become sad and idle, and may develop bad habits such as stealing or prostitution.
2.  Some people who do not have work become unhappy and may begin to take hard drugs, such as Indian hemp and cocaine, thinking this would help them overcome the frustration of unemployment. Soon they become drug addicts and problems for themselves and society.
3. Some people who are unemployed may become frustrated and unhappy and after a while, begin to beg for money. This brings shame to them and their families.
4.  School leavers who fail to get work turn to their parents for support. This may become a big burden and sorrow for the parents.
5. When people fail to get employment, they may not be able to provide their needs and solve their problems because they do not have money. They may begin to think about their problem and worry too much about their condition, and this may affect their health.
6.  Unemployment makes big towns and large cities over-crowded, because most people who are unemployed go there, thinking they would get jobs.
7.  Many youths marry late because they do not have jobs to provide for themselves and a new family.

Unemployment can be reduced in the following ways:

1. The government and rich people in our society should help create jobs by setting up factories, industries and business outfits, so that people can work in such places and be useful to themselves and society.
2.  Banks should help people who are not employed to set up their own businesses by giving them loans under conditions that they can bear.
3. Young people should be advised to study subjects that will make it easy for them to get work, so that when they leave school, they can become self employed or easily get employed by others.
4.  Government should encourage people who are looking for jobs to work on farm settlements or other similar government projects.
5.  Government should set up training organisations to train people in different fields so as to make them self-employed. People can, for instance, train to make baskets and furniture, or train to be farmers and food producers.
6.  Government should encourage farmers by making it easy for them to get farmland, farming equipment, fertilisers and electricity.
7. Government should construct good roads in the rural areas and provide constant electricity for all, so that people can establish workshops and industries and run such industries without difficulty.
8. Sometimes, wicked and unpatriotic people reserve employment opportunities
9. only for their relations, some of which are still in school. When such people are caught, they should be punished severely.

 Evaluation

1 define employment.

2 define unemployment.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

 Choose the best answers for the following questions.

1. ____________ means having a job or work to do to earn a living. A. Employment B. Occupation C. Working
2. We can be employed by working for ____________. A thugs B the government C nobody
3.  One who works for others is known as ____________. A an employee B an employer C a messenger
4. One who does his own work and not for others is ____________. A self-reliant B self-employed C sufficient
5.  When people work and earn a living, they are ________. A unhappy B happy C covetous

THEORY

1. Define employment.
2.  Define unemployment.
3.  Mention five consequences of unemployment in the society.
4. Mention four ways you can reduce unemployment.

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WEEK  FIVE

TOPIC:          INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION

REFERENCES:

Social studies for junior secondary schools volumes 3 by Arukpo, Mohammed, Ezegbe, Salan.

FESTAC: Meaning and message. FESTAC means festival of Arts and culture. The second world black and African festival of Arts and culture was a very elaborate and all-embracing world cultural festival held in Lagos from 15^th January to 12^th February, 1977.

The festival was attended by thousands of people from 56 countries of the world. It was the biggest gathering of blacks from all over the world for cultural festival.

AIMS OF FESTAC’ 77

FESTAC ‘ 77 was held to help achieve the following particular aims.

1. To ensure the revival, propagation and promotion of black and Africa values, culture and civilization.
2. To present black and Africa culture in its highest and widest conception.
3. To bring to light the diverse contributions of black and Africa peoples to the universal currents of thoughts ad arts.
4. To promote black and African artists, performers and writers and facilitate their world acceptance and their access to world outlets.
5. To promote better international and inter-racial understanding.
6. To facilitate a periodic return to origin in Africa by black artists, writers and performers taken to other continents.

THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE FESTAC’ 77

1. FESTAC helped to bring together many representatives of all peoples of the black race who are scattered all over the world.
2. By coming together, they were able to appreciate their common origin, destiny and position in a world where they are despised and regarded as inferior to people of other races.
3. FESTAC enabled peoples of black race to pool their efforts and talents in the fields of poetry, music and fine and applied arts, so that the world could better recognize and appreciate their contributions to world civilization.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. FESTAC’ 77 was held in ___ city of Nigeria (a) Ibadan (b) Enugu (c) Lagos (d) Port Harcourt.
2. FESTAC’ 77 was attended by ____ countries of the world (a) 56 (b) 36 (c) 26 (d) 60.
3. Which of these can cause conflict in the home (a) Faithfulness (b) Poverty (c) Understanding (d) Love.
4. Through communication we pass ___ from one person to another (a) Money (b) Gift (c) Information.
5. Specialized health center which cure for the teeth is ___ (a) Hospital (b) Maternity center (c) Clinic (d) Dental clinic.

THEORY

1.         Explain the aims of FESTAC’ 77.

2.         Discuss the achievements of FESTAC’ 77

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