THE HUMAN BODY (THE SKELETAL SYSTEM)

TITLE:  LESSON NOTE ON BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

TERM: SECOND TERM

THEME: LIVING AND NON LIVING THINGS

WEEK: WEEK 3 and 4

CLASS: PRIMARY 5

NAME OF TEACHER:

DATE:          

AGE OF STUDENTS:

CLASS COMPOSITION: Slow and fast learners.

PERIOD:

TIME: 40 MINUTES

TOPIC: THE HUMAN BODY (THE SKELETAL SYSTEM)

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to:

1. Identify the major bones in the body.
2. Identify the major joints in the body.
3. State the functions of bones and joints.

TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS

• Waste bin
• Waste paper basket
• Broom
• Dustpan
• Whiteboard/Chalkboard
• Explanatory posters/pictures showing Waste Disposal.
• Explanatory videos on Waste disposal.

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

• Explanation
• Discussion
• Questions and answer

REFERENCE MATERIALS

• NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary schools.
• Universal Basic Education Curriculum for primary schools.
• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Basic Science and Technology.
• Unified Schemes of Work for Lagos State Primary Schools (MIDDLE BASIC)
• Online Materials.
• Edudelight Basic Science and Technology for Primary Schools.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: the students have been taught Domestic Animals.

WORD FILE: diagnosing,skeletal.            

             LESSON CONTENT

                         THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

The skeletal system can be called the skeleton. The skeleton is made up of all the bones in human body. Without the skeleton, we as human will not be able to work, walk, eat etc. the skeleton gives our body shapes, support, movement and protect some parts of our body. Any hard materials apart from finger nails, teeth and cartilage in human body is known as bones.

A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and injuries related to the muscular skeletal system (especially in children) is called an ORTHOPEDIST.

                    TYPES OF BONES

The skeleton is made up of three major types of bones

1. The long Bones: these are the thigh bones called femur, the upper arm bones known as humerous and the lower arm bones known as ulna and radius and the leg bones called tibia and fibula.
2. Vertebrae: these are small pieces of bones that are arranged to form the back bones or vertebral column (protecting the spinal cord).

The bones around the neck regions are called the CERVICAL VERTEBRAE while the backbones around the chest region are called the THORACIC VERTEBRAE.

Animals with back bones are called vertebrates.

• Phalanges: these are bones of the fingers and toes. They are pieces of jointed short bones.  Eight carpals arranged in two rows of four each are connected to the phalanges.

                                  THE JOINT

The joint is the place in human body where two or more bones meet. Muscles are attached to the bones at the joints to make movement possible. Joints are found in the following places of our body: neck, shoulders, waist, fingers, toes, elbows, wrists, knees, toes, etc.

              TYPES OF JOINTS

There are two types of joints in human body; these are

1. Movable joint
2. Immovable joints or fixed joints

Movable joint

These are joint where bones meet together, it can slide on each other or move over each other.

Examples of movable joints

1. Ball and Socket Joints: these are found in the shoulder and hip. It allows movement in all directions.
2. Hinge Joints: these are found on toes, fingers, knees and elbow. It allows forward and backward movement like a book.
3. Pivot Joints: these are found on the neck. Used for nodding.
4. Gliding Joints (articulation plana): these are found on ankles and wrists.

IMMOVABLE JOINTS

These joint are two or more bones fixed together with little or no movement. They are fixed by ligament. These are skull, joints in the pelvic girdle.

FUNCTIONS OF BONES AND JOINTS

1. They provide support for the body.
2. They give shapes to our body
3. They muscles are attached to them for movement.
4. They protect delicate organs like lings, heart, the spinal cord and the brain (skull).
5. They help to store certain minerals like calcium and phosphate in the body.
6. They help to produce some of the body blood cells.

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE.

• The Teacher revises the previous lesson (Domestic Animals).
• The teacher introduces the lesson through question and answer (The human body (Skeletal System)).
• The Teacher explains the lessons.
• The Teacher writes the note on the board.

LEARNERS ACTIVITIES

Learners participate in the class discussion

LESSON EVALUATION

Teacher ask the learners to:

• Mention the major bones in the body.
• Mention the major joints in the body.
• State three functions of bones and joints.

CONCLUSION: the teacher summarize the lesson.

PREVIOUS LESSON: Domestic Animals

NEXT LESSON: REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS