IDENTIFYING LINKING WORDS

SUBJECT: LITERACY (ENGLISH STUDIES)

TERM: THIRD TERM

WEEK: WEEK 1

CLASS: PRIMARY 4

DURATION: 40 MINUTES

TOPIC: IDENTIFYING LINKING WORDS

ENABLE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this Module, Pupils should be able to know:

• How to identify linking words

TEACHINNG AND LEARNING MATERIALS

• Board
• Explanatory posters/pictures
• Explanatory Video

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHOD

• Explanation
• Discussion
• Questions and Answers.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

• Universal Basic Education Curriculum.
• Nigeria Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) Curriculum for primary schools.
• Lagos State English Studies Scheme of work
• Online Materials.
• English Studies for Primary Schools.

                           MODULE   CONTENT

IDENTIFYING LINKING WORDS

Linking words are words that can be added to form a sentence or part of a speech. Linking words helps to improve our writing skills, it helps to organize our idea and make the reader to understand the concept of the writer. Linking words can also be called connecting words.

Linking words are categorized into two

1. Conjunction words
2. Transition words

The following are linking words and where they can be applied.

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR ADDING INFORMATION

• And
• Additionally
• Also
• Besides
• Further
• Furthermore
• In addition
• Moreover

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR ADDING EXAMPLE       

• For example
• For instance
• In particular

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR SHOWING CAUSE

• For
• As a result of
• Because
• Due to (the fact that)
• In order to
• Resulting from
• Since

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS SHOWING EFFECT

• (If) … then
• … resulting in
• So …that
• … then
• Accordingly,
• As a result,
• Consequently,
• Hence,
• Therefore,
• Thus,

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS SHOWING CONDITION

• Even if
• If … then
• In case
• Provided that
• Providing
• Unless
• Whether or not

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS SHOWING TIME, BEGINNING, DURING, ENDING

• And,
• Before
• As
• As long as
• At the same time (as)
• Every time
• Since
• So long as
• The first/second/next/last time
• When
• Whenever
• While
• By the time
• Till
• Until
• Afterward(s)
• At first
• Initially
• Meanwhile
• Meantime
• Simultaneously
• Eventually
• Finally

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR EMPHASIS, ADDITION OR EXAMPLES

• To illustrate
• To clarify
• Further (not ‘furthermore’)
• First, second and third (not firstly, secondly and thirdly)
• For instance
• Moreover
• Typically
• Especially
• In fact
• Namely
• In addition

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR SHOWING A SEQUENCE

• After
• As soon as
• Ever since
• Following
• Later
• Once
• Next
• Subsequently
• Then
• Thereafter
• First
• Firstly
• Initially
• To begin
• Next
• Second
• Secondly
• Then
• Third
• Thirdly
• Finally
• Last
• Lastly

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR SHOWING CONTRAST

• But
• Either … or
• Yet
• Although
• Despite
• Even though
• In spite of
• Instead of
• Though
• Whereas
• While
• By comparison
• By contrast
• Conversely
• However
• In contrast
• Instead
• Nevertheless
• Nonetheless
• On the contrary
• On the other hand
• Otherwise

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS FOR SHOWING SIMILARITY

• In other words
• Likewise
• Similarly
• Neither … nor
• Either … or

PRESENTATION

• The Teacher revises the previous lesson.
• The Teacher introduces the topic.
• The Teacher explains the lessons.

CONCLUSION: the teacher sum up the lesson.

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

• Mention three linking words and use them to make a sentence.