Security Education Lesson Notes JSS1 First Term

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COMMON CRIMES

SCHEME OF WORK SECURITY EDUCATION JSS1 FIRST TERM

1. COMMON CRIMES
2. COMMON CRIMES—-FALSEHOOD
3. COMMON CRIMES……RAPE AND MURDER
4. COMMON CRIMES——-ADVANCE FEE FRAUD[ 419] AND EMBEZZLEMENT
5. COMMON CRIME——CULTISM AND DRUG ABUSE
6. COMMON CRIMES—–EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES
7. COMMON CRIMES—-SALES OF BANNED AND CONTAMINATED FOOD
8. COMMON CRIMES——-DEALING IN FAKE DRUGS
9. COMMON CRIME——-THUGGERY
10. COMMON CRIMES—–GANG
11. REVISION
12. EXAMINATION

WEEK 1

COMMON CRIMES

According to free Merriam-Webster dictionary, a crime is an illegal act for which someone can be punished by government, it is an offence against the law of the land which is punishable by law.

A crime can be simply be defined as an illegal behavior which is punishable by law of the land, A person that commits a crime is called a criminal

Crime involves violation of the law of the land and attracts stiff punishment depending on the seriousness of the offence.

The following are the various types of crime;

1. personal crime; These are crimes causing bodily harm or injury, they are also known as crime against persons, they include rape,robbery,aggravated assault,murder,etc,it is very common among youths.
2. property crimes; These are crimes which do not lead to personal harm or injury, they include burglary,theft,arson,etc,it is also common among the youths in urban centers,
3. organized crimes; These are crimes committed by a particular set of people involving distribution of illegal goods.  examples include weapons, smuggling, ,money laudering, ,hard drugs business, illegal gambling and so on.
4.  White collar crimes: These are crimes committed by highly placed in the society such as politicians, business moguls, renowned professionals, etc. it includes embezzlement of public or employers funds, tax evasion and violation of tax laws, etc.
5. victimless crimes: This is also known as crime against morality, these include illegal use of drug, prostitution, illegal gambling, etc., there are no victims or complainants in these forms of crime,

CLASSWORK

1. Define crime
2. State and explain two types of crime

ASSIGNMENT

Explain falsehood

WEEK 2

TOPIC; COMMON CRIME—-FALSEHOOD

Falsehood is an act of presenting false information in spoken or written word.it is an untrue statement, it is a false statement or act of rendering something false by fraudulent changes, it may be in the following form;

1. use of forged documents; The use of forged certificates for school admission or employment purposes constitutes falsehood.
2. wrong information; providing wrong information in tax forms or other important document.
3. lying under oath;; Falsehood could be lying under oath as regards age, place of birth and other vital information to gain advantage.

CAUSES OF FALSEHOOD

1. Need to cover a crime; people engage in falsehood to cover the crime they have committed.
2. Love of money; most business men deceive their customers to make abnormal profit from them.
3. love of position of honour; some engage in falsehood so that they can be promoted to a place of honour.
4. punishment; sometimes, those who are suspected to have committed a crime tell lies to escape punishment.
5. Need to preserve their dignity,honour and respect; people tell lies to ensure that they do not lose the respect and honour they get from the society

EFFECTS OF FALSEHOOD

1. Cheating; Businessmen that lie cheat their customers and make illicit gain on them.
2. Low productivity; Those who use false certificate for employment will eventually become inefficient in the workplace, this brings about low productivity.
3. Slow economic progress; Low productivity arising from inefficiency will show down economic growth,
4. High cost of living; Hike in price will lead to inflation which will also result in high cost of living,

PREVENTION OF FALSEHOOD

1. Contentment; people in the society should learn to be content with what they have.
2. Honesty; Everyone should endeavour to be honest in business,governance,and wherever they find themselves.
3. severe punishment; Those found to have lied under oath should be properly dealt with to discourage others from engaging in any form of falsehood.
4. Truth should be encourage.
5. Good exemplary lives of parents and leaders.

CLASSWORK

1. What is falsehood?
2. State various form of falsehood
3. List any three causes of falsehood
4. State four effects of falsehood
5. Mention four ways of preventing falsehood

ASSIGNMENT;

Define murder and RAPE

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WEEK 3

COMMON CRIME [ RAPE AND MURDER]

Meaning of Rape

Rape is an act of forcing an opposite gender into sexual relationship. The female gender falls victim most often ,it is a crime because it involves violence,

Types of Rape.

1. stranger Rape; This is a form of rape in which the victim has never met the offender,
2. Date Rape; This occur between two partners that are dating.
3. Acquaintance Rape; This is a form of rape in which the victim is familiar with the offender ,A good example is date rape.
4. Marital Rape; this occurs between husband and wife.
5. Statutory Rape; This is a form of rape in which an adult rapes a person who has got to the age of consent [18years] for instance, a sixty year old man raping a seven year old girl,

CAUSES OF RAPE;

1. Exposure to pornography
2. Peer influence
3. Movement during odd hours
4. Indecent dressing
5. Immoral music
6. occultic activities

Lack of self-control

PREVENTION;

1. Avoid walking in lonely place; to prevent being raped, avoid moving alone in solidary or lonely places during the day or night.
2. Severe punishment for offenders; Government should impose stiff punishment on those convicted of rape to discourage others,
3. Enlightenment campaigns for the public; Government agencies and non-governmental organizations should intensify effort at educating the public about rape and how they can avoid being victims.
4. Mind who you walk with; Walk and move with people you can trust.
5. Be watchful at social functions; To avoid being drug-raped, avoid taking any liquid you are not sure off, carry your drinks everywhere even to the bathroom if necessary,

EFFECTS OF RAPE;

1. Psychological trauma
2. Health problems
3. Danger of contracting HIV/AIDS
4. Social stigmatization

MURDER;

Murder is an act of taking another person’s life unlawfully, it means unlawfully killing a person

Degree of Murder;

1. First degree murder; This happens when someone deliberately kills another person.
2. second degree murder; This has to do with killing another of a person with malice, it is intentional killing of a person without planning to do so in advance.
3. Felony murder; This is the act of killing a person in the course of committing a felony, it is neither planning nor intended but happened while committing another crime,

Causes of murder;

1. Uncontrolled anger
2. Jealousy
3. Robbery
4. Vengeance
5. Politics
6. business deals
7. Land tussle
8.  

EFFECTS OF MURDER;

1. Psychological trauma on the family; murder brings sorrow and heart ache to the deceased.
2. Mental disorder; the partner of a gruesomely murdered person can have brain problem.
3. Financial difficulty; If the breadwinner of the family is murdered, life can be so harsh and hard financially for the entire family.
4. Life imprisonment; someone who commits murder could be sentenced to life jail.

PREVENTION OF MURDER;

1. self-control
2. Forgiveness
3. Avoid greed
4. avoid an angry man in business or politics
5. Read holy books
6. Avoid drug addicts

CLASSWORK

1. What is murder?
2. State five causes of murder
3. Mention four ways of preventing rape
4. What are the effects of rape?

ASSIGNMENT

Explain embezzlement

WEEK 4

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COMMON CRIME (419)

Meaning of advance fee fraud

It is a fraudulent act of taking money from another person without supplying the goods or providing the services to the victims, it is also known as 419 in Nigeria

Causes Of Advance Fee Fraud

1. Love of money
2. Greed
3. Covetousness
4. Bad societal value for materialism
5. Peer group influence
6. Lack of stiff punishment for offenders

Effects on victim and society

1. Collapse of victims business
2. Psychological problem
3. Death due to frustration
4. Heavy debts on the victim
5. Reduction in foreign investment
6. Bad image for the nation

Prevention of Fraud;

1. Stiff punishment for the offender by the government
2. Public enlightenment on the tricks of the fraudsters
3. Less emphasis on materialism
4. Respect and honour for real achievers rather than money bags
5. Contentment
6. Parents should encourage hard work rather than shortcut of making money

EMBEZZLEMENT;

This is the act of diverting public, employers or a group of peoples fund for personal use, it is an act of corruption,

Causes of Embezzlement

1. Greed
2. Covetousness
3. Crave for money and materialism
4. Lack of patriotism and love for the nation
5. Selfishness

Effects on the society;

1. Inadequate funds for projects
2. Badly handled projects
3. Failure in government projects
4. Bad economy
5. Suffering on the part of the masses
6. Poverty

CLASSWORK;

1. What is embezzlement?
2. state three causes of embezzlement
3. What is advance fee fraud?
4. state fiver causes of advance fee fraud
5. state five ways of preventing advance fee fraud

ASSIGNMENT;’

Explain cultism and drug abuse

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WEEK 5

CULTISM AND DRUG ABUSE

Cultists are a bunch of people with dangerous beliefs,

Causes of cultism

1. Crave for power; many youths join cult to acquire some power ,they want power to avoid oppression.
2. Search for love; some youths join cult in search of basic need love and feeling of belonging, they wants to be with people they can share their minds with.
3. Search for security; Youths become cultists because they feel it will give them peace and protection from every form of harassment.
4. Influence of friends; some youths are influenced by their peer groups to be cult members, they may be persuaded by intimate friends who they feel must be respected and obeyed.

EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CULTISTM IN SCHOOLS;

1. Problem of maintaining discipline; school authority finds it difficult to instill discipline on cult members because of fear of being attacked
2. Breakdown of law and order; cultism breeds chaos and fighting, this often disturbs the peace of the school and threatens the security of innocent students.
3. Condones bullying and abuse of others rights; cult members use their power to infringe on other peoples right, they bully and oppress non-members
4. Fall in standard of education; The fear of being attacked by cult members may force lecturers to award marks to cultist, this makes cultist half-baked graduate,

DRUG ABUSE;

Drug abuse is the abnormal intake of drug or any other substances, it can also be described as the illegal or wrong use of drugs and others substances,

Forms of drug abuse;

1. Usage of drug not prescribed by doctors.
2. Using overdose of prescribe of drugs.
3. Intake of hard-drugs like marijuana, heroin, cocaine and many others.
4. frequent intake of alcohol, kolanut, coffee, analgesic tablets, etc
5. Habitual intake of drug even when it is unnecessary
6. Dependence on sleep-inducing drugs.

 Causes of drug abuse;

1. bad company
2. Need to suspend psychological problems
3. Need to exhibit negative behaviou or face people
4. Easy access to drugs
5. Need to keep awake.
6. Need to Excel
7. Poverty

Effects or consequences of drug abuse [individual]

1. Mental disorder
2. Death
3. Broken home
4. Loss of jobs
5. Abnormal behavior
6. menace to the society
7. Increase in social vices
8. Road accidents
9. Waste of government fund
10. Reduction in working population
11. Dents on nation’s image
12. Increase in money spent in rehabilitating drug addicts
13. increase in crime rate
14. increase in rate of terrorism and insurgency

Prevention of drug Abuse

Drug abuse can be prevented in the following ways;

The school curriculum; the inclusion of the topic in primary and post-primary curriculum is a good decision on the part of government

1. Family awareness; Through the mass media, parents should have more information about drug abuse and its effects.
2. Public enlightenment programmes on drug abuse; Government should intensify effort at educating parents and youths about effects of drug abuse
3. School; school authority should from time to time, educate their students on the subjects of drug abuse through special talks.
4. Religious groups; churches and mosques should use the holy books to speak against drug abuse at their assemblies.
5. Sale of drug; Drugs should be sold by professional pharmacists and not the so called chemists in ramshackle shops

CLASSWORK

1. Define the term ‘ Drug abuse
2. Identify five common ways drugs are abused by people
3. What are the causes of cultism?
4. list four effects of cultism

ASSIGNMENT;

What is Examination malpractice?

WEEK 6

EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

This simply means the use of illegal methods by students to pass examinations and acquire certifications. Examination malpractice include acts such as bringing of textbooks or written materials into examination hall for purpose of answering questions, others including writing of points on palms, spying other peoples work during examination ,dictation of answers by invigilator or fellow candidates etc.

Causes of examination malpractice

1. laziness; Many students are very lazy to study yet they want to pass
2. Love to pleasure; some student have no time to study but have time to watch television and browse the internet for things that are irrelevant to their studies.
3. Love of money; Many invigilators and examination officials collect bribe from candidates.
4. Activities of corrupt school owners; some school owners and principals aid examination malpractice so that their school can be known for having good results and therefore have more population, laziness and incompetence of teacher; some teachers are so lazy to teach their students, they have the habit of skipping lessons and telling stories during the lesson if they go at all.
5. Inadequate facilities in schools; many schools do not have hall or laboratory that is big enough for examination purposes. Students are crammed into a small place which gives room for spying and exchange of textbooks in the examination
6. parental influence; some parents hire other people to write examination for their children

EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

1. Fall in standard of education.
2. Increase in number of incompetent professionals
3. Loss of confidence in public examinations
4. Increase in corruption,

Solutions to examination malpractice

1. Provision of more facilities in schools
2. diligent and hardworking students should be rewarded
3. stiff punishment for the offenders
4. schools that perpetrate examination malpractice should be sanctioned and blacklisted
5. examination bodies conducting external examinations should hire responsible and honest supervisors

CLASSWORK;

1. What is examination malpractice?
2. list three causes of examination malpractice
3. Mention four ways of preventing examination malpractice

ASSIGNMENT;

What are contaminated foods?

 WEEK 7

SALES OF BANNED AND CONTAMINATED FOODS

Banned foods are foods that have been restricted from being imported into the country,

contaminated foods are foods that are unfit for human consumption due to its contamination

causes of sales of banned and contaminated foods

1. lack of respect
2. disregard for human lives
3. strong desire to make money to all cost
4. poverty in the land
5. porous borders
6. bribery and corruption

Effects of banned and contaminated foods

1. loss of precious lives
2. increase in disease and ailments
3. Bad image for the nation
4. increase in budget to fight diseases

CLASSWORK

1. What do you understand by banned and contaminated foods?
2. List three causes and effects of banned and contaminated foods.

ASSIGNMENT;

Explain FAKE DRUGS

WEEK 8

DEALING WITH FAKE DRUGS

Fake drugs are substandard drugs that are not approved for human use.

Causes of fake drugs

1. Crave for wealth
2. poor quality control
3. corruption
4. lack of respect for human lives
5. lack of stringent policy on sale of drugs
6. inconsistent regulatory checks

Effects of fake drugs

1. Emergence of more disease and sickness,
2. loss of lives
3. more emotional and psychological traumas

Prevention of fake drugs

1. stringent laws on drug dispensing should be enacted
2. Regular enlightening of the public on purchase of drugs.
3. serious monitoring of pharmaceutical store
4. prosecution of unregistered sellers
5. intensive, monitoring of pharmaceutical companies to boost quality

CLASSWORK

1. What do you understand by fake drugs?
2. list three causes of fake drugs
3. state three effects of fake drugs
4. mention three ways of preventing fake drugs.

ASSIGNMENT;

Explain thuggery and gang

WEEK 9

THUGGERY..

Thuggery is described as a violent behavior exhibited by ruffians to fight or intimidate opponent of a particular individual usually a politician,

Thuggery is related to politics particularly in Nigeria as shown by history

Most often, politicians recruit area boys, to unleash terror during election campaign or to destabilize voting in favour of their master.

causes of Thuggery

1. Desire to win election at all cost
2. Availability of many drop out youth
3. influence of drugs
4. high level of poverty
5. Neglect of youths by parents and society
6. high level of youth unemployment

Effects of Thuggery

1. chaos in the society
2. fear of participing in voting
3. Emergence of wrong people as leaders after voting
4. Electoral malpractice
5. Loss of lives
6. Destruction of properties
7. Fear and tension in the land

Prevention of Thuggery

1. love for the nation
2. Politics should be played with dignity, love and respect for the nation and other contestants, Winning an election should not be a do or die affair
3. stiff punishment for sponsors of thugs
4. Thugs arrested should be prosecuted and jailed if found guilty
5. Law enforcement agents should not collaborate with politicians to destabilize the nation
6. Enlightenment campaigns on the dangers of thuggery

CLASSWORK

1. What do you understand by thuggery?
2. list three causes of thuggery
3. state five effects of thuggery
4. mention five ways of preventing thuggery

ASSIGNMENT

Explain Gang….

                        WEEK 10

GANG

A gang could be described as a group of good friends with good leadership trait capable of changing their society through positive behaviours and activities,

On the other hand, a gang can be defined as a group of criminals capable of destabilizing the peace of the society through negative activities,

A member of this form of gang is called a gangster,

The topic will be discussed based on the second definition.

Reasons for forming bad gang

1. Lack of parental care
2. Exposure to bad friends and peers
3. Exposure to bad films and drama,
4. Deficient educational system resulting in unemployment of youths
5. Exposure to drugs such as marijuana,cocaine,heroin,etc

Effects of Bad Gang

1. increase in crimes in the society
2. increase in number of thugs ot destabilize elections
3. Tendency to have more armed robbers
4. There may be increase in number of drug addicts

Prevention of Bad Gang

1. Youths should be engaged in serious academic activities
2. youth should be exposed to great empowerment skill programmes
3. youths should be educated about the danger of gangsterism
4.  More sporting activities should be encouraged among youths

CLASSWORK

1. What do you understand by gang?
2. State three effects of gangsterism
3. Mention two ways of preventing gangsterism